Western Ghats
(Northwestern
Ghats: Konkan
and
Southwestern
Ghats: Malabar
Coast)
North Western Ghats: Abelmoschus angulosus, A. ficulneus, A. manihot,
Cajanus lineatus
, C. sericeus, Canavalia lineata, Cinnamomum goaense,
Coffea wightiana
, C. crassifolia, Cucumis ritchiei, C. setosus, Curcuma
inodora
, C. pseudomontana, C. purpurea, C. reclinata, Dolichos bracteatus;
syn. Sphenostylis bracteata, Echinochloa colonum, Garcinia malabarica, G.
morella
, G. talbotii, Mangifera sylvatica, Momordica tuberosa; syn. M.
cymbalaria
, Oryza meyeriana; syn. O. indandamanica, Panicum hippothrix,
Pennisetum orientale
, Piper argyrophyllum, P. galeatum, P. hookeri, P.
hymenophyllum
, P. trichostachyon, Vigna dalzelliana, V. khandalensis; syn.
V. grandis
, Zingiber neesanum; syn. Z. macrostachyum, and Z. purpureum
(34)
South Western Ghats: Abelmoschus angulosus, A. manihot ssp.
tetraphyllus
, Amorphophallus bonoccordensis, A. commutatus, A.
hohenackeri
, A. mysorensis, A. nicolsianus, A. smithsonianus, Artocarpus
gomezianus
ssp. zeylanicus, A. hirsutus, Cajanus candollei, C. lineatus,
Carissa spinarum
; syn. C. paucinervia, Cinnamomum filipedicellatum, C.
heyneanum
, C. macrocarpum, C. malabatrum, C. riparium, C.
travancoricum
, C. wightii, Colocasia esculenta, Corchorus pseudo-olitorius,
Crotalaria clarkei
, C. digitata, C. grahamiana, Curcuma aromatica, C.
aurantiaca
, C. caesia; syn. C. malabarica, C. coriacea, C. decipiens, C.
ecalcarata
, C. haritha, C. karnatakensis, C. kudagensis, C. nilamburensis, C.
neilgherrensis
, C. oligantha; syn. C. cannanorensis, C. raktakanta, C.
reclinata
, C. thalakaveriensis, C. vamana, Dioscorea hamiltonii, D. hispida;
syn. D. daemona, D. intermedia, D. oppositifolia, D. pentaphylla; syn. D.
jacquemontii
, D. spicata, D. tomentosa, D. wallichii, D. wightii, Dolichos
uniflorus
, Ensete superbum, Eugenia singampattiana, Fragaria nilgerrensis,
Garcinia morella
, G. travancorica, G. wightii, G. xanthochymus, Jasminum
angustifolium
, J. flexile, J. malabaricum, J. mesnyi, Linum mysorense, Luffa
umbellata
(acutangula), Momordica dioica, M. sahyadrica, Musa superba,
Myristica dactyloides
, M. malabarica, Olea glandulifera, Oryza meyeriana,
O. officinalis
; syn. O. officinalis ssp. malampuzhaenensis, Piper
argyrophyllum
, P. barberi, P. galeatum, P. hapnium, P. hookeri, P.
pykarahense
, P. schmidtii, P. silentvalleyensis, P. trichostachyon, Pueraria
tuberosa
, Sesamum laciniatum, S. malabaricum, S. mulayanum, S. radiatum,
Solanum anguivi
; syn. S. indicum, S. erianthum, S. incanum, S. nigrum,
S.pubescens
; syn. S. torvum, S. viarum, Syzygium arnottianum, S. beddomei,
S. malabaricum
, Trichosanthes cucumerina, T. nervifolia, T. tricuspidata;
syn. T. bracteata, T. villosula, T. wallichiana, Vigna bournaea, V. pilosa, V.
vexillata
var. wightii, Vitis pedata, V. repanda; syn. Cissus repanda, Zingiber
cernuum
, Z. neesanum; syn. Z. macrostachyum, Z. purpureum, Z. roseum, Z.
wightianum
, and Z. zerumbet (112)
Coastal zone
(Sand dunes of
West and East
Coast)
Caesalpinia pulcherrima
, Canavalia cathartica, C. maritima, Cassia siamea,
C. tora
, Casuarina equisetifolia (wild forms), Cissus quadrangularis,
Citrullus colocynthis
, Cocos nucifera (wild forms), Crotalaria pallida, C.
retusa
, C. verrucosa, Ipomoea aquatica, I. carnea ssp. fistulosa, I. pes-
caprae
, Ixora arborea; syn. I. parviflora, Phoenix paludosa, Physalis
minima
, Saccharum spontaneum, Uniola paniculata,
and Ziziphus williamsii (21)
(continued)
Appendices
297
Biogeographical
zones
Wild relatives of cultivated species recorded
Islands
(Andaman and
Nicobar and
Lakshadweep
Islands)
Amorphophallus carnosus
, A. longistylus, Bauhinia nicobarica; syn. B.
stipularis
, Bombax insigne var. andamanica, B. insigne var. polystemon,
Canavalia turgid
, Dioscorea nummularia, D. rogersii, D. vexans,
Dipterocarpus andamanicus
, Ficus andamanica, Garcinia andamanica, G.
cadelliana
, G. calycina, G. kurzii, Grewia calophylla, Hornstedtia fenzlii,
Ixora capitulifera
, I. hymenophylla, Jasminum cordifolium, J. andamanicum,
J. multiflorum
, J. unifoliolatum, Mangifera andamanica, M. camptosperma,
Manilkara littoralis
, Nypa fruticans, Oryza indandamanica, Phyllanthus
andamanicus
, Piper sarmentosum, Polyalthia parkinsonii, Pterocarpus
dalbergioides
, Syzygium andamanicum, S. kurzii, S. manii, S. polyanthum, S.
samarangense
, Terminalia bialata, T. catappa, T. manii, T. procera, Vanilla
andamanica
, and Vigna marina (44)
Source: Singh (
2017
)
Appendix II
Exploration, surveys, and bio-perspective assessment has led to identification
around 1500 plant species to be under threat in India. This includes more than 1100
higher plants, including the wild relatives of crop/cultivated species. The rarity and
the threat to these species have been caused by urbanization, developmental activi-
ties, destruction of habitats by anthropogenic factors like over grazing, mining, etc.
Botanical Survey of India have published five volumes (3 published and 2 in press)
of the Red Data Books of Indian Plants listing 1182 species, 623 listed published
earlier. In 2001, a tentative list of species needing conservation was also drawn
(Archive 2001) to facilitate both in situ and ex situ conservation. Further investiga-
tions, in many plant species has confirmed the threat perception with ICUN catego-
ries. Based on survey and the investigations in this direction, the Ministry of
Environment and Forest, Government of India releases press release on the plant
species under threat to draw public/scientific attention and develop awareness and
support for conservation of plant species, particularly those of economic value,
including wild relatives of crops/cultivated species. An attempt is being made to list
the representative crop/cultivated species for a bird’s-eye view.
Representative Wild Relatives of Crop/Cultivated Species Reported to Be Under Threat
Wild relatives of cultivated species
Crop group
a
ICUN category
Abutilon bidentatum
var. major
ORN
R
Abutilon ranadei
ORN
CR
Acacia campbelii
AGFOR
VU
Acacia donaldii
AGFOR
DD
Acer caesium
ORN
VU
Acer oblongum
var. membranaceum
ORN
CR
Acer osmastonii
ORN
EN
Aconitum balfourii
ORN/M
DD
(continued)
Appendices
298
Wild relatives of cultivated species
Crop group
a
ICUN category
Acorus calamus
M & AP
EN
Aconitum heterophyllum
ORN
EN
Aconitum kashmiranum
ORN
EN
Aconitum violaceum
ORN
VU
Aegle marmelos
var. mahurensis
F & NT
R
Albizia thompsonii
AGFOR
R
Albizia thompsonii
var. galbana
AGFOR
R
Allium auriculatum
VEG
EN
Allium loratum
VEG
EN
Allium roylei
VEG
EN
Allium stracheyi
VEG
VU
Anogeissus sericea
var. nummularia
IND CR
R
Arnebia benthamii
M & AP
CR
Asparagus jacquemonti
VEG
DD
Asparagus rottleri
VEG
DD
Barleria gibsonioides
ORN/M
R
Barleria prionitis
ssp. dicantha
ORN/M
DD
Barleria stocksii
ORN/M
Bauhinia variegata
ORN
DD
Berberis affinis
M & AP
R
Berberis apiculata
M & AP
R
Berberis kashmirian
M & AP
R
Berberis lambertii
M & AP
VU
Berberis pseudoumbellata
M & AP
DD
Berberis royleana
M & AP
DD
Bombax insigne
COTIN
CR
Boswellia ovelifoliolata
M & AP
EN
Boswellia serrata
M & AP
Brachystelma laevigatum
ORN
VU
Brachystelma pauciflorum
ORN
EN
Butea monosperma var. lutea
M & AP
EN
Brachystelma volubile
ORN
DD
Cajanus cajanifolius
GL
DD
Cajanus lineatus
GL
DD
Calamus brandisii
ORN/IND
R
Calamus inermis
ORN
VU
Camellia sinensis
COMC
Canavalia stocksii
VEG
R
Capparis cinerea
F & NT
DD
Capparis diversifolia
F & NT
VU
Capparis grandis
F & NT
DD
Capparis pachyphylla
F & NT
VU
Carum villosum
SP & CON
EN
Cenchrus rajasthanensis
FOR
DD
Ceropegia attenuata
FOR
R
Ceropegia bulbosa
FOR
VU
(continued)
Appendices
299
Wild relatives of cultivated species
Crop group
a
ICUN category
Ceropegia fantastica
FOR
EN
Ceropegia fimbriifera
FOR
VU/R
Ceropegia intermedia
FOR
DD
Ceropegia maccannii
FOR
EN
Ceropegia odorata
FOR
EN
Ceropegia pusilla
FOR
R
Ceropegia spiralis
FOR
R
Chlorophytum borivilianum
M & AP
CR
Chlorophytum malabaricum
M & AP
R
Cinnamomum filipedicellatum
SP & CO
EN
Cinnamomum heyneanum
SP & CO
DD
Cinnamomum perrottetii
SP & CO
VU
Cinnamomum riparium
SP & CO
VU
Cinnamomum travancoricum
SP & CO
VU
Citrus indica
F & NT
EN
Citrus macroptera
F & NT
EN
Coffea crassifolia
COMC
R
Commiphora wightii
M & AP
R
Crinum brachynema
ORN
CR
Crinum eleonorae
ORN
EX
Crinum woodrowii
ORN
R/CR
Crotalaria bourneae
FIB
DD
Crotalaria clarkei
FIB
R
Crotalaria clavata
FIB
EN
Crotalaria digitata
FIB
EN/R
Crotalaria fysonii
var. glabra
FIB
EN
Crotalaria grahamiana
FIB
R
Crotalaria longipes
FIB
EN
Crotalaria medicaginea
var. rigida
FIB
Crotalaria paniculata
FIB
NT/LC
Crotalaria willdenowiana galbrifoliata
FIB
R
Curcuma caesia
SP & CO
EN
Curcuma coriacea
SP & CO
EN
Curcuma decipiens
SP & CO
R
Curcuma pseudomontana
SP & CO
Curculigo orchioides
M & AP
EN
Cycas beddomei
ORN
EN
Cycas circinalis
ORN
EN
Cymbidium aloifolium
ORN
NT
Cymbidium whiteae
ORN
Cymbopogon flexuosus
FOR
EN
Cyperus dwarkensis
FOR
R
Cypripedium himalaicum
ORN
EN
Dactylorhiza hatagirea
ORN/M
Dalbergia congesta
AGFOR
EN
Delphinium malabaricum
var. ghaticum
ORN
VU
(continued)
Appendices
300
Wild relatives of cultivated species
Crop group
a
ICUN category
Dendrobium pauciflorum
ORN
EN
Dichanthium armatum
FOR
R
Dioscorea deltoidea
VEG
EN
Dioscorea wightii
VEG
R
Diospyros barberi
F & NT
Diospyros holeana
F & NT
VU
Diospyros paniculata
F & NT
VU
Dipcadi ursulae
var. longiracemosa
ORN
Elaeocarpus munronii
(Rudraksha)
INCR
NT
Elaeocarpus recurvatus
INCR
VU
Ephedra gerardiana
M & AP
EN
Ephedra foliata
M & AP
Embelia ribes
M & AP
CR
Eugenia argentea
ORN
EN/EX
Eugenia cotinifolia
ssp. codyensis
ORN
EN
Eugenia discifera
ORN
EN
Eugenia indica
ORN
EN
Euphorbia katrajensis
INCR
R
Ficus andamanica
F & NT
EN
Ficus angladei
F & NT
CR
Garcinia kingii
F & NT
DD
Garcinia talbotii
F & NT
Garcinia travancorica
F & NT
VU
Garcinia wightii
F & NT
VU
Grewia damine
F & NT
Grewia gamblei
F & NT
EN
Grewia pandaica
F & NT
CR
Hildegardia populifolia
FIB
CR/VU
Impatiens johnii
ORN
EN/EX
Impatiens macrocarpa
ORN
CR
Impatiens neo-barnesii
ORN
EN
Impatiens orchioides
ORN
VU
Impatiens tenella
ORN
EN
Impatiens nilagirica
ORN
CR
Indigofera barberi
INCR
R
Indigofera coerulea
var. monosperma
INCR
R
Indigofera constricta
INCR
R
Indigofera thothathri
INCR
VU
Ipomoea clarkei
VEG/ORN
EN
Ixonanthes khasiana
INCR
VU
Ixora lawsonii
ORN
EN
Ixora longibracteata
ORN
DD
Jasminum adenophyllum
ORN
EN
Jasminum strictum
ORN
CR
Jasminum wightii
ORN
R
Lactuca benthamii
VEG
EN
(continued)
Appendices
301
Wild relatives of cultivated species
Crop group
a
ICUN category
Lactuca cooperi
VEG
EN
Lactuca filicina
VEG
EN
Lactuca undulata
VEG
EN
Livistonia jenkinsiana
ORN
EN
Madhuca bourdillonii
AGFOR
EN
Madhuca diplostemon
AGFOR
EN
Magnolia gustavii
ORN
CR
Mallotus philippensis
INCR
R
Mangifera andamanica
F & NT
VU/NT
Mangifera khasiana
F & NT
DD
Michelia kisopa
ORN
DD
Michelia punduana
ORN
R
Mucuna pruriens
FOR
DD
Myristica dactyloides
SP & CO
VU
Myristica malabarica
SP & CO
VU
Nardostachys grandiflora
(jatamansi)
M & AP
CR
Nepenthes khasiana
M & AP
EN
Nymphaea pygmaea
ORN
EX
Oryza nivara
C
DD
Panax pseudoginseng
M & AP
VU/CR
Paphiopedilum insigne
ORN
EN
Paphiopedilum spicerianum
ORN
EN
Paphiopedilum venustum
ORN
EN
Paphiopedilum villosum
ORN
VU
Pandanus mangalorensis
INCR
CR
Pandanus martinianus
INCR
EN
Pandanus palakkadensis
INCR
CR
Pandanus unguifer
INCR
EN
Phoenix rupicola
COMCR
NT
Phyllanthus narayanswami
M & AP
EN
Phyllanthus talbotii
M & AP
R
Picrorhiza kurroa
M & AP
EN
Pimpinella katrajensis
INCR
R
Pimpinella tirupatiensis
INCR
EN
Pinus gerardiana
INCR
R
Piper barberi
SP&CON
CR
Piper mullesua
SP&CON
VU
Piper pykarahense
SP&CON
Podophyllum hexandrum
M & AP
EN
Portulaca oleracea
VEG
Prunus himalaica
F & NT
R
Pterocarpus santalinus
M & AP
EN
Pueraria tuberosa
M & AP
NT
Rauvolfia beddomei
M & AP
Rauvolfia micrantha
M & AP
Rauvolfia serpentina
M & AP
VU
(continued)
Appendices
302
Wild relatives of cultivated species
Crop group
a
ICUN category
Rhododendron arboreum
ssp. arboreum
ORN
Rhododendron concinnoides
ORN
VU
Rhododendron elliottii
ORN
DD
Rhododendron formosum
ORN
VU
Rhododendron johnstoneanum
ORN
DD
Rhododendron santapaui
ORN
EN
Rhododendron subansiriense
ORN
Rhododendron wattii
ORN
EN
Rubus almorensis
F & NT
DD
Rubus fockei
F & NT
DD
Rhynchosia beddomei
GL
R
Rhynchosia velutina
GL
VU
Rubia himalayensis
INCR
VU
Salix obscura
AGFOR
Salvadora oleoides
F/AGFOR
Salvadora Persica
F/AGFOR
Santalum album
INCR
VU
Saussurea bracteata
M & AP
R
Saussurea clarkei
M & AP
Saussurea costus
M & AP
CR
Saussurea involucrata
M & AP
R
Saussurea obvallata
M & AP
VU
Shorea tumbuggaia
INCR
EN
Sterculia khasiana
M & AP
EX
Sterculia urens
M & AP
EN
Syzygium alternifolium
F & NT/M
EN
Syzygium andamanicum
F & NT
CR
Syzygium benthamiana
F & NT
DD
Syzygium beddomei
F & NT
R
Syzygium bourdillonii
F & NT
EN
Syzygium caryophyllatum
F & NT
Syzygium chavaran
F & NT
EN
Syzygium gambleanum
F & NT
E
Syzygium manii
F & NT
CR
Syzygium occidentalis
F & NT
DD
Syzygium palghatense
F & NT
EX/EN
Syzygium stocksii
F & NT
DD
Syzygium travancoricum
F & NT
EN/CR
Taxus wallichiana
M &AP
EN
Tecomella undulata
INCR
Terminalia arjuna
M &AP
DD
Terminalia pallida
M &AP
EN
Tinospora sinensis
M &AP
VU
Vanda coerulea
ORN
R/CR
Vanda wightii
ORN
EX/RD
Vanilla andamanica
SP & CO
CR
(continued)
Appendices
303
Wild relatives of cultivated species
Crop group
a
ICUN category
Vanilla wightiana
SP & CO
R
Vigna dalzelliana
GL
Vigna khandalensis
GL
R
Withania coagulans
M & AP
Zingiber cernuum
SP & CO
DD
Zingiber purpureum
var. palamaunsis
SP & CO
EN
Ziziphus truncata
F & NT
Ziziphus williamsii
F & NT
a
C
cereals, GL grain legumes, OS oilseed, FIB fiber, FOR forage, VEG vegetable, F & NT fruit and
nuts, SP & CO spices and condiments, COMCR commercial crops, M & AP medicinal and aro-
matic plants; ORN ornamentals, AGFOR agroforestry, INCR industrial crops
Source: CAMP Workshop (1998), Chadburn (
2012a
,
b
,
c
,
d
,
e
,
f
), MoEF (2010), Nayar and Sastry
(1987–1990), Rawat (2008), Red Data Book of Indian Plants, Singh (
2004
,
2015
), Ved et al.
(2015), Walter and Gillett (
1998
), WCMC (
1998h
)
Appendix III
The germplasm collections of wild relatives in major crop species have been evalu-
ated against main yield reducing factors, particularly the biotic and abiotic stresses
and for nutritional traits in food crops and yield and quality-related traits in others.
This has resulted in identification many desirable traits in these wild species.
However, the possible genetic diversity that may exist within a species is yet to be
studied in greater details in most of cases. This has created an expectation of the
specific desirable trait(s) in all accessions of that species, which in many cases may
not be true.
A great variation has been observed in identification wild relatives of crop/culti-
vated species under various crop groups with desirable traits. A large number desir-
able traits have been discovered in wild relatives of field and horticultural crops of
food and forage value. However, the same is not true for other groups, such as spices
and condiments, floriculture, medicinal and aromatic plants, agroforestry and cot-
tage industry crops, and others, because of several inherent lacunas or constraints,
such as:
1. Many are yet to reach crop status and mostly cultivated in gardens and home-
stead gardens.
2. Many of them are perennial in nature with difficulties in their evaluation for
desirable features.
3. Many have complex breeding system.
4. Crop or genetic improvement activities in many are still in infancy.
5. There has been lack of efforts in developing screening methodologies for/against
various traits.
6. Lack of efforts toward evaluation for desirable traits.
Recognizing these constraints, a list of representative’s wild relatives with desir-
able features is being produced herewith in summary.
Appendices
304
Representative wild species related to crop/cultivated species with potential useful traits
Wild-related species
Identified desirable trait(s)
Cereals
1.
Aegilops tauschii
Source of disease and pest
2.
Avena barbata
Source of disease resistance (virus, rust, mildew)
and quality
3.
Avena fatua
Resistant to drought, diseases (virus, rust,
mildew), and high yield
4.
Avena sterilis
Resistant to diseases (virus, rust, mildew),
herbicides, and high grain yield
5.
Elymus dahuricus
Source of salt tolerance (wheat and barley)
6.
Hordeum spontaneum
Sorce for quality, yield, disease resistance, cold,
salt, and waterlogging tolerance
7.
Eleusine compressa
Drought tolerance (finger millet)
8.
Oryza granulata
Tolerant to drought, shade, and aerobic soil,
immune to bacterial leaf blight (BLB) and
resistance to brown plant hopper (BPH), yellow
stem borer
9.
Oryza minuta
Source of resistance to BLB, green leaf hopper
(GLH), whitebacked plant hopper (WBPH) and
BPH
10. Oryza nivara
Source of grassy stunt virus and sheath blight
(SB) resistance
11. Oryza officinalis
Source of BPH, GLH, and BLB resistance
12. Oryza rufipogon
Source of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS),
quality, yield, metal and salt tolerance, and SB
resistance
13. Panicum turgidum
Drought and salt tolerant
14. Paspalum scrobiculatum
Drought and salt resistant
15. Pennisetum orientale
Drought resistant, prolonged green
16. Triticum turgidum/dicoccoides (wild
tetraploid wheat)
High protein content
Grain legumes
1.
Cajanus albicans
Source of high seed protein (HSP) and sterility
mosaic virus (SMV)
2.
Cajanus cajanifolius
Source of nuclear male sterility (NMS) and
(CMS), soil salinity
3.
Cajanus crassus
Resistance to SMV
4.
Cajanus lineatus
Source of cleistogamy and CMS
5.
Cajanus mollis
Source of highest seed protein (HSP) content
6.
Cajanus platycarpus
Resistance to Phytophthora blight (PB), soil
salinity
7.
Cajanus scarabaeoides
Source of CMS, HSP and dwarfism, and
resistance to pod borer (PB), SMV
8.
Cajanus sericeus
Source of HSP, CMS, and resistance to both PB
and SMV
9.
Cicer microphyllum
Drought resistance
10. Glycine soja
Source for resistance to yellow mosaic virus
(YMV), adaptability, cold tolerance, and short
season
(continued)
Appendices
305
Wild-related species
Identified desirable trait(s)
11. Macrotyloma sar-garhwalensis
Source of high protein content
12. Vigna acontifolia
Drought resistant
13. Vigna mungo var. silvestris
Hard seed coat
14. Vigna radiata var. setulosa
Source of drought and buchiids resistance
15. Vigna vexillata
Resistant to cowpea weevil
Oilseeds
1.
Brassica tournefortii
Source of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS)
2.
Carthamus oxyacantha
Highly drought tolerant
3.
Lepidium latifolium
Source of cold tolerance
4.
Linum perenne
Cold tolerance
5.
Linum strictum
Source of fiber strictness
6.
Sesamum alatum
Resistance to phyllody disease
7.
Sesamum laciniatum
Resistance to diseases and pests of sesame
8.
Sesamum malabaricum
Source of cytoplasmic sterility and powdery
mildew in sesame
9.
Sesamum mulayanum
Source of resistance to phyllody, powdery
mildew, and wilt
Fiber yielding plants/crops
1.
Boehmeria macrophylla
Fiber quality
2.
Boehmeria platyphylla
Source of fiber strength
3.
Corchorus aestuans
Source of resistance to stem rot
4.
Corchorus depressus
Source of drought/heat tolerant
5.
Corchorus fascicularis
Source of drought/heat tolerant and adaptability
6.
Corchorus pseudo-olitorius
Immune to fungal diseases, stem rot, root rot,
black band, soft rot, and anthracnose
7.
Corchorus tridens
Source high protein (vegetable/fodder)
8.
Gossypium arboreum
Source for resistance pest and diseases and
tolerance to drought and CMS
9.
Gossypium herbaceum
Resistance to biotic and drought stresses, source
of adaptability and yield, and quality traits and
CMS
Forage crops
1.
Cenchrus setigerus
Source of drought resistant
2.
Cenchrus rajasthanensis
Source of drought resistant
3.
Chrysopogon aciculatus
Tolerant to heavy grazing
4.
Dichanthium annulatum
Tolerant to heavy grazing and lodging
5.
Diplachne fusca
Source of salt tolerance
6.
Eragrostis curvula
Extremely drought tolerant
Vegetables
1.
Abelmoschus angulosus
Source of resistance to yellow vein mosaic virus
(YVMV), mites, and tolerance to low
temperatures and light frost
2.
Abelmoschus caillei
Source of resistance to YVMV and shoot and
fruit borer
3.
Abelmoschus crinitus
Source of resistant Cercospora blight
4.
Abelmoschus manihot tetraphyllus
var. pungens
Resistant to enation leaf curl virus
(continued)
Appendices
306
Wild-related species
Identified desirable trait(s)
5.
Abelmoschus manihot
Source of resistant to YVMV
6.
Abelmoschus tuberculatus
Tolerant to YVMV and fruit borer
7.
Allium roylei
Source of resistance to powdery mildew, leaf
blight, etc.
8.
Canavalia cathartica
Source of nutritional traits
9.
Canavalia rosea
Highly salt tolerant
10. Citrullus colocynthis
Source for drought tolerance and pest resistance
11. Cucumis callosus
Resistance to fruit fly and leaf-eating caterpillars
and tolerance to drought
12. Cucumis hardwickii
Source of cold tolerant and resistance to
powdery mildew
13. Lablab purpureus var. typicus
Drought hardy
14. Momordica cochinchinensis
Rich in nutrients
15. Solanum anguivi (indicum)
Source of resistance to Fusarium wilt
16. Solanum melongena Linn var.
incanum
Source of variation for phenolic content,
Fusarium
wilt, and frost and drought resistance
17. Solanum melongena Linn var.
insanum
Source of resistant to bacterial wilt, shoot, and
fruit borer
18. Solanum nigrum
Source of resistant to potato bacterial wilt
19. Solanum sisymbriifolium
Source of resistance to Verticillum wilt
resistance, Meloidogyne spp. and eggplant pest,
such as aphid, shoot, and fruit borer
20. Solanum torvum
Source of resistance to Verticillum wilt, bacterial
wilt, pest Meloidogyne spp., root stock for
eggplant
21. Solanum virginianum (xanthocarpum)
Source of resistance to bacterial wilt
22. Trichosanthes dioica (wild type)
Source of resilience to stresses
Fruits and nuts
1.
Citrus assamensis
Source for waterlogging tolerance
2.
Citrus cavaleriei
Source of cold tolerance and graft stock
3.
Citrus hystrix
Source of Citrus pest resistance
4.
Citrus indica
Source of Citrus disease resistance
5.
Citrus jambhiri
Cold hardiness, source of drought resistance,
also used as rootstock
6.
Citrus karna
Source of graft stock
7.
Citrus latipes
Source cold tolerant, potential disease
resistance, and graft stock
8.
Citrus limonia
Most used source of rootstock and Citrus
disease resistance
9.
Citrus maderaspatana
Source of graft stock
10. Citrus reshni
Gene sources for salt tolerance in graft stock
11. Citrus reticulata
Source of graft stock and winter hardiness
12. Citrus trifoliata
Source of dwarfing, graft stock, hardiness, and
disease resistance
13. Diospyros lotus
Gene sources for graft stock
14. Ficus palmata
Source of graft stock for fig
15. Fragaria daltoniana
Frost tolerant strawberry
16. Fragaria nilgerrensis
Source of quality
(continued)
Appendices
307
Wild-related species
Identified desirable trait(s)
17. Garcinia hombroniana
Source of rootstock
18. Garcinia sopsopia
A suitable rootstock for mangosteen
19. Garcinia xanthochymus
Source of graft stock for cultivated mangosteen
20. Grewia oppositifolia
Tolerant to frost
21. Malus baccata
Source of resistance to diseases, cold tolerance
and graft stock
22. Malus sikkimensis
Source for disease resistance and dwarfing gene
23. Mangifera indica
Source of graft stock
24. Mangifera sylvatica
Potential source of graft stock for mango
25. Manilkara zapota
For variability in fruit size
26. Musa balbisiana
Source of improved vigor and tolerance to biotic
and abiotic stresses
27. Prunus cerasoides
Source of disease resistance and graft stock for
sweet cherry
28. Prunus cornuta
Source of disease resistance for sweet cherry
and as graft stock
29. Prunus prostrata
Used as graft stock and potential source of
disease resistance
30. Pyrus pashia
Common rootstock for Asian pear
31. Pyrus polycarpa
Field resistant to powdery mildew and fire blight
32. Pyrus pyrifolia
Preferred rootstock for pear
33. Ribes glaciale
Immunity to rust caused by Cronartium ribicola
34. Rubus ellipticus
Shade tolerant
35. Syzygium cumini
Variability used in genetic improvement
36. Vitis lanata
Source of late ripening and resistant to disease
37. Ziziphus nummularia
Genetic source of rootstock
Spices and condiments
1.
Alpinia galangal
Source of aromatic rootstock
2.
Cinnamomum travancoricum
Source of antifungal activities
3.
Cinnamomum curvifolium
Source of high essential oil
4.
Curcuma ecalcarata
Source of pinocembrin and piperitenone
5.
Curcuma leucorhiza
Source of edible starch
6.
Curcuma sylvatica
Source of highest concentration (320 mg/100 g)
of biologically active peptide turmerin
7.
Myristica beddomei
Fruit pericarp is a rich source of nutritional
compounds
8.
Myristica malabarica
Source of good rootstock for grafting the true
nutmeg
9.
Piper attenuatum
Source of highest percentage of crotepoxide
10. Piper galeatum
Source of bold fruits
11. Piper hamiltonii
Source of resistance to betelvine blackfly
12. Piper nigrum (INGR 8100)
Source of proliferating spikes
13. Piper thomsonii (INGR 8009)
Source of sex change from male to bisexual
plant
14. Zingiber cassumunar
Source of fungitoxic action against Rhizoctonia
solani
, the damping off pathogen
(continued)
Appendices
308
Wild-related species
Identified desirable trait(s)
15. Zingiber rubens
Source of cold hardyness
16. Zingiber zerumbet
Sources of ginger disease resistance
Commercial crops
1.
Camellia oleifera
Source of edible seed oil
2.
Camellia taliensis
Gene resources for tea improvement
3.
Miscanthus nepalensis
Potential ornamental
4.
Narenga porphyrocoma
Source of temperature tolerance and resistance
to red rot disease of sugarcane
5.
Phoenix paludosa
Source for poor soil tolerance
6.
Saccharum arundinaceum
Source of drought and disease resistance
7.
Saccharum spontaneum
Source of vigor, cold tolerance, hardiness, and
disease resistance and yield
8.
Sclerostachya fusca
Source of waterlogging resistance, heavy
tillering, and earliness in sugarcane
Medicinal and aromatic plants
1.
Albizia procera
Drought tolerant
2.
Alpinia malaccensis
Potential ornamental plant
3.
Cymbopogon khasianus
Source of essential oil and methyl eugenol
4.
Plectranthus hadiensis
var.
tomentosus
Source of bioactive phytochemicals, especially
terpenoids
Ornamental plants for floriculture
1.
Barleria grandiflora
Potential regular ornamental
2.
Begonia griffithiana
Potential regular ornamental
3.
Hedychium coccineum
Early bloomer
4.
Hedychium marginatum
Potential regular ornamental
5.
Jasminum parkeri
Potential regular ornamental for rockeries
6.
Rhododendron arboreum
Source of variability as parent in hybrids
7.
Rosa macrophylla
Source of variability
Agroforestry trees
1.
Acacia jacquemontii
Source of high temperature and excessive
drought tolerance
2.
Acer caesium
ssp. caesium
Source of seed dormancy
3.
Populus euphratica
Source of drought and salinity tolerance
4.
Salix wallichiana
Frost resistant
Cottage industry plants and others
1.
Bambusa pallida
Source of cane and quality fiber
2.
Dendrocalamus hamiltonii
Source of palatable shoots
3.
Indigofera glandulosa
Source of high protein
4.
Millettia pinnata
Drought resistant
5.
Morus alba
Drought tolerant
6.
Morus macroura
Source of resistant to drought, salinity, and frost
Source: Analysis of reviewed literature
Appendices
309
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Document Outline - Glossary
- Appendices
- Appendix I
- Appendix II
- Appendix III
- References
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