Jarayonlar

Jarayonlar

Erta kompyuterlar ruxsat berilgan faqat bitta dastur uchun bo'l bajarilgan da a vaqt. Bu dastur tizimni to'liq nazorat qilish va tizimning barcha resurslaridan foydalanish imkoniyatiga ega edi. Bundan farqli o'laroq, zamonaviy kompyuter tizimlari bir nechta dasturlarni xotiraga yuklash va bir vaqtning o'zida bajarish imkonini beradi. Bu evolyutsiya qat'iy nazoratni va turli dasturlarni ko'proq qismlarga ajratishni talab qildi; va bular ehtiyojlari natija berdi ichida the tushuncha ning a jarayon , qaysi hisoblanadi a dastur bajarilmoqda. A jarayon zamonaviy hisoblash tizimidagi ish birligidir.

The Ko'proq murakkab the faoliyat ko'rsatmoqda tizimi bu, the Ko'proq bu hisoblanadi kutilgan uchun qil nomidan _ ning uning foydalanuvchilar. Garchi uning asosiy tashvish hisoblanadi the ijro ning foydalanuvchi dasturlar, bu shuningdek ehtiyojlari uchun olish g'amxo'rlik ning har xil tizimi vazifalar bu bor eng yaxshi bajarildi ichida foydalanuvchi yadro ichida emas, balki bo'sh joy. Shunday qilib, tizim jarayonlar to'plamidan iborat, biroz ijro etuvchi foydalanuvchi kod, boshqalar ijro etuvchi faoliyat ko'rsatmoqda tizimi kod. Potentsial, hammasi bular jarayonlar mumkin bajarmoq bir vaqtning o'zida, bilan the Markaziy protsessor (yoki CPU s) multiplekslangan orasida ular. In bu bob, siz bo'ladi o'qing haqida nima jarayonlar, ular operatsion tizimda qanday ifodalanadi va qanday ishlaydi.


CHAPTER OBJECTIVES

• 
  Identify the separate components of a process and illustrate how they are represented and scheduled in an operating system.
  
• 
  Describe how processes are created and terminated in an operating sys- tem, including developing programs using the appropriate system calls that perform these operations.
  
• 
  Describe and contrast interprocess communication using shared memory and message passing.
  
• 
  Design programs that use pipes and POSIX shared memory to perform interprocess communication.
  
• 
  Describe client – server communication using sockets and remote proce- dure calls.
  
• 
  Design kernel modules that interact with the Linux operating system.
  

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