GROWTH THROUGH BRAND EXTENSIONS
•
Brand extension : "leveraging brand’s reputation in a growth category"
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This is not a recent phenomenon
– Luxury brands originating in haute couture have extended to accessories, jewellery, watches, cosmetics…
– Distributors’ brands covered several differentiated categories : Migros, St Michael…
– Industrial brands extended from initial product type : Siemens, Philips, Mitsubishi
•
A strategic move at some point of a brand to sustain growth
– Increasing the volume per capita of present customers
&
profitability
– Improving brand relevance
&
adressing needs of more specific targets or situations
– Taking opportunities from business globalisation, in less saturated markets
and/or
high profitable categories
– Innovating to modify the brand’s competitive situation, create new competitive advantages
•
Brand extension requires the redefinition of brand meaning, changing some facets
– Redefine the historical brand benefit
– Moving from tangible to intangible values
•
Brand vs. line extension
– Brand extension : use of the brand name on a different product category
– Line extension : launch of new products in the same category
FROM PRODUCT BRANDS TO CONCEPT BRANDS
•
Limitations in 20
th
century classic conception of brands
– 1 brand = 1 product = 1 promise
– Which leads to an increasing number of brands
– All can be done is range extension (size, format, varieties…)
– It doesn’t differentiate history
&
reality of the brand
•
Preliminary assumption for success
1. Brand has strong equities : associated with number of benefits, inspires a high level of trust
2. These assets are transferable : buyers will still believe that the new products bear them
3. These benefits are relevant to the new category, segmenting it in an unforeseen way
4. Products
&
services will deliver a real perceived competitive advantage
5. Brand
&
company will be able to sustain competition over the long run
•
Defensing reasons
– Higher media costs
– Distributors’ brands
– Positionned in declining product categories
– Competition domination
EXAMPLES
•
Explain what can be the reasons for the following brand’s extensions :
– Labeyrie into smoked salmon
&
caviar
– Porsche entering the 4x4 market
– Marlboro into fashion lifestyle (Classic)
– Camel Trophy
– Caterpillar shoes
– Michelin to guidebooks
SYNTHESIS
•
Brand extension is a strategic choice accompanied by other changes
– Production
– Know-how
– Distribution channels
– Communication
– Corporate culture
•
It has to be financed internally or by forming alliances
•
It’s important to understand the possible level of extensions
Inner core
(kernel)
Outer core
(spontaneous
associations)
Extension zone
(latent potential)
No-go area
(threat for brand asset)
Source : Davidson
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