PS70CH12_Hall
ARI
9 November 2018
11:53
Annual Review of Psychology
Nonverbal Communication
Judith A. Hall,
1
Terrence G. Horgan,
2
and Nora A. Murphy
3
1
Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
email: j.hall@northeastern.edu
2
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Flint, Michigan 48502, USA;
email: thorgan@umflint.edu
3
Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California 90045,
USA; email: nora.murphy@lmu.edu
Annu. Rev. Psychol. 2019. 70:271–94
First published as a Review in Advance on
September 26, 2018
The
Annual Review of Psychology
is online at
psych.annualreviews.org
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-
103145
Copyright c
2019 by Annual Reviews.
All rights reserved
Keywords
nonverbal communication, nonverbal behavior, encoding, decoding,
interpersonal accuracy
Abstract
The field of nonverbal communication (NVC) has a long history involving
many cue modalities, including face, voice, body, touch, and interpersonal
space; different levels of analysis, including normative, group, and individual
differences; and many substantive themes that cross from psychology into
other disciplines. In this review, we focus on NVC as it pertains to individ-
uals and social interaction. We concentrate specifically on (
a
) the meanings
and correlates of cues that are enacted (sent) by encoders and (
b
) the percep-
tion of nonverbal cues and the accuracy of such perception. Frameworks are
presented for conceptualizing and understanding the process of sending and
receiving nonverbal cues. Measurement issues are discussed, and theoretical
issues and new developments are covered briefly. Although our review is
primarily oriented within social and personality psychology, the interdisci-
plinary nature of NVC is evident in the growing body of research on NVC
across many areas of scientific inquiry.
271
Annu. Rev. Psychol. 2019.70:271-294. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org
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PS70CH12_Hall
ARI
9 November 2018
11:53
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