Organization of distance education system based on computer networks

Organization of distance education system based on computer networks
Distance learning is studying online at your convenience. Structural features of distance education are: teacher, student, communication.
Distance education has become traditional in the West: every university of high standing now has a distance education program. Many special "distance learning centers" are opening, many of them are famous in the world and are opening their branches in different countries (for example, Open University in Great Britain). According to predictions, it is distance education (together with traditional forms of education) that will become widespread, this form of education is called "future education".
Many countries have declared distance education as a priority and are spending a lot of money on developing this direction. This process was started by the Americans. Today, distance education is perfectly formed in the USA, and its emergence dates back to the end of the 1970s. At first, educational institutions operated independently in the field of distance education. As satellite broadcasting developed in the 1980s, several educational institutions collaborated on these courses. The rapid development of global computer networks has had a great impact on all areas of human activity, including education. Recently, this type of tahmnmg is also actively developing in Europe.
Great attention is paid to the development of distance education in our country.
Many people think that distance education is just a new form of correspondence education as we know it. To some extent it is: human indeed


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can study without leaving home. But there is one condition: for this, a modern computer with a standard program must be installed. The essence of this program is that distance education and modern techniques and technology are inseparable. Today, a student can study almost all Western university programs without leaving his country. Education is becoming universal and universally accessible, advancing the processes of political and economic unification. In the idea of ​​distance education, it is very important to "move knowledge towards students" from "pupils' desire for knowledge" adopted in traditional types of education (both full-time and part-time). Initially, distance education was designed to improve the skills of people with higher education. Its simplest form is the already popular television series: an entire channel dedicated to special education. Today, with the advent of more powerful technologies, distance learning opportunities are expanding. Due to political and economic reforms in Russia, some of its intermediate stages were skipped, and the most advanced type of education through the Internet became widespread.
In world practice, a certificate is issued for all courses of distance education, it is almost impossible to fake it. In all courses, such work must be done in the near future. Most distance learning courses offered today are interest-based courses. Search servers alone will point to thousands of addresses for your "distance learning" query. This program comes to the student in a file with a large amount of knowledge. After studying it, the "student" program starts the "test" - the program asks him questions.
Based on the answers to the questions, the student is offered to go to the next stage or is informed that he needs to be better prepared. In concrete sciences, the question of knowledge assessment is relatively easy to solve, and here the execution of tests justifies itself, but in humanities, the text of the answer is definitely needed. The experience of many higher educational institutions is to supervise part-time education


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shows that it would be good to spend it in the form of daytime study sessions, as in the form. But what to do if, for example, the university is in the USA, and the student is in Russia? Here, of course, the written exam is the only way. That is why the video conferencing method is widespread in our country, one of the teaching methods used today can be as follows: "Student" receives information, studies it and passes an exam. There is another way. Study materials are uploaded to the server, and after mastering them, they write the control work. Thus, with blocks, students learn the entire program, and then the organizers set the time for taking the exams. In the West, they are not used to copying: if you want to learn you must study. Now it remains to understand what is the advantage of distance learning, apart from the possibility of sitting at home and getting a Western-style diploma.
Thinking about its features, first of all, it is necessary to emphasize its flexibility. In the distance education system, learners usually do not attend regular classes such as lectures and seminars, but work at their own time, place, and pace. In reality, there are great advantages for those who want to learn, who cannot or do not want to break the usual way of life. In addition, a student is not required to have a certain level of knowledge for admission, and the student can study as much as necessary to master the subject and be evaluated.
Distance learning methodical materials are: - Textbook

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  Audio and video tutorials
  
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  On-line lessons (web page)
  
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  Electronic libraries
  
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  Tests
  
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  Multimedia
  
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  Electronic textbooks.
  

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Currently, electronic libraries, electronic textbooks, and online textbooks are in the picture.
A multimedia textbook contains a lot of information and displays it on the screen. and explains by voice. A feature of a multimedia textbook is that it clearly reflects events and information. That is, multimedia makes events and information alive. This is done using text, video, multiplication, sound and music.
Virtual libraries, video conferences via satellite, lessons, communication and information acquisition using the Internet have appeared in distance education. This provided a special learning environment for the student. The speed and quality of the student's acquisition of science has improved dramatically.
One of the new methods of distance education is organized in knowledge centers. In this way, one speaker can deliver a lecture to hundreds or even thousands of listeners at the same time and at the same time exchange ideas with the listeners and answer questions. This method requires effective use of advanced techniques. It is desirable that each classroom is equipped with a microphone, video camera, video projector and video-audio equipment. Working in this way is useful not only in one educational institution, not only in one country, but also among all countries. The audience of other countries will be able to listen to the lecture of each speaker with the help of communication.
One of the advantages of an electronic textbook over a regular textbook is that it has "intellectual" power, as well as the ability to provide the necessary information at the right time and place. An electronic textbook should still contain relevant educational materials for a particular subject. Its intellectual level, in turn, gives rise to a number of advantages over ordinary textbooks. For example, to find information quickly, to realize the level of mastery of topics with the help of multimedia elements, etc.
Each e-textbook should have a unique look and a certain standard


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must meet the requirement. We will focus on the content of the electronic textbook, which is being created on the basis of the hardware of automated training systems.
Content of the e-book. The value of the electronic textbook depends on the enrichment of the content of the information provided on the topics. The materials provided on the electronic textbook should be implemented in the following three ways:

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  statement in text form. Here, unlike a textbook on paper, there are pictures, graphs, tables. That is, elements of the link in the form of animation can participate;
  
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  through tools that make it possible to understand the content of the electronic textbook;
  
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  expressing educational materials in the form of questions and based on them in the basis of means of monitoring one's knowledge;
  
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  The content of the electronic textbook (ED) should include the following elements;
  

• cover;
• content;

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  brief annotation;
  
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  ED's "full statement"
  
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  A brief description of the ED (for example, in the form of a scheme);
  
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  list of main literature and additional literature;
  
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  knowledge control mechanism;
  
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  perform a search on a text fragment;
  
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  list of authors and information about them;
  
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  list of terms;
  
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  System of knowledge for working with ED.
  

The cover of the ED should be as beautiful as possible. For this, it is advisable to enrich it with elements such as graphics and multimedia, animation. On the cover of the ED, the name of the textbook, information about the higher organization (for example, the ministry), copyright, time of creation, who created the ED


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the name of the organization, brief information about the authors. This is done using special buttons, such as a certain part of the information (information about the authors, the organization that created the ED, copyright).
An electronic textbook, one of the modern electronic manuals, is a multimedia product, which is important for the effective organization of independent education and independent work training and for expanding the scope of creative thinking of the audience. The use of such textbooks in the continuous teaching process helps to improve the quality of students' knowledge. When creating an electronic manual on a subject, the separated part of the course should be practical (exercises) and control (test questions), and the main part of the course should end with test training and testing. When using an electronic manual in the educational process, it has the following advantages:

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  the set of information presented on the chosen subject or course has a good content and describes the completed fragment;
  
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  a content element of the training course! consists of key topics with hypertext, visualization, audio and video explanation or video demonstration, and a qualified teacher or lecturer expresses his thoughts on the subject being studied and explains any ideas that are difficult to master in a regular textbook;
  
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  using hypermedia graphics, uses the opportunity to describe the complex model and demonstration related to the textbook in an understandable and simple form;
  
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  the electronic manual has a multi-window interface, and interconnected information is placed in each window;
  
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  in the textbook, the text part has a large number of intersecting hypertext links, which reduces the time of searching for the necessary information, and additional video information or animated clips are fully used to represent the sections of the course that are difficult to describe in the text part of the course;
  
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  in the electronic manual, the correct execution of actions by the user, the process of getting help with sound signals, and other forms of information are used using the capabilities of multimedia tools:
  
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  the demand for the quality, reliability and content of information will increase;
  

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  There is an opportunity to prepare coursework and abstracts with the help of electronic teaching, and in this, it is possible to create new learning and quality teaching by combining modern computer and pedagogical technology.
  

As can be seen from the above, the use of electronic devices remains the main issue in modern pedagogy. It is stated that the ability of electronic textbooks and encyclopedias to fully meet the world educational standard is important in improving the quality of students' knowledge. Today, in practical terms, works related to electronic textbooks and encyclopedias have been developed very little. Currently, the issue of transferring knowledge and information from the form of textbooks and encyclopedias to electronic form and individualizing the possibility of effective reception remains a demand of the time.
One of the objectives of the implementation of the science of information and communication technologies in the educational system is the development of highly effective and high-quality multimedia electronic textbooks and encyclopedic publications. The field of application of electronic textbooks is wide, especially in the process of independent education and distance education, it gives effective results. Currently, the electronic textbooks and encyclopedias that are used in the educational system have been developed on CD-ROMs in the nature of amateur and professional training. Such publications are appearing on the Internet.
Book publishers, programmers, periodical journalists and advanced teachers are actively involved in the creation of such publications. Electronic textbooks and encyclopedias can be used by teachers of various subjects in the educational process as a supplement. The e-textbook provides an opportunity to learn a large part of the course and content with the help of a teacher or independently. The textbook should consist of the following parts:

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  a presentation organizer describing the main part of the course;
  
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  exercises aimed at strengthening the acquired knowledge;
  
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  tests that provide an opportunity to objectively assess the knowledge of listeners.
  

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In order to achieve good results with the help of an electronic textbook, the following requirements are imposed:

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  able to provide practical feedback in a short period of time and help to quickly find the necessary information;
  
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  save time by referring multiple times in hypertext explanation;
  
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  demonstration of the principle of visuality and adequacy of multimedia technology in text description;
  
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  the ability to check and perform a task on a specific section at a speed suitable for a specific user;
  
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  regularly updating the necessary educational information.
  

An average assessment of world education systems shows that distance education is twice as cheap as traditional forms of education. Experiences of national non-governmental distance education centers show that the costs of specialized training are approximately 60 percent higher than the costs of full-time education. The high concentration of material and its unification (homogenization), adaptation to a large number of students, more effective use of educational spaces and technical means ensures relatively low cost of education. in this


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it is necessary to mention the new role of the teacher. He will now be responsible for managing the teaching process, changing the curriculum, advising on the creation of an individual study plan, leading educational projects and other tasks. He leads open support groups, helping students to determine their career paths. In the distance education system, mutual communication between students and the teacher is provided through the computer network and mutual sending of information to the addresses of the recipients. This allows to analyze the received information and respond to it at a convenient time (Figure 3.10.1).
In the new form of teaching, distance organized exams, interviews, course and project work, extemat, computer intellectual test systems are used as control methods. It is necessary to mention that it is important to control the quality of distance education, to successfully solve the problem of adaptation to standards by creating a unified system of state testing. The academic recognition of the course depends on it, when it is taken into account in traditional educational institutions.
Distance education is considered one of the forms of continuous education system, and it is designed to realize the right of a person to get knowledge and use information. Distance education allows a person to receive basic or additional education along with professional activities.
The advantage of distance learning is that. in which the student can study at his convenient time and even without leaving work. It is because of these advantages that this method is widely used in the world today. Many large enterprises save millions of dollars a year by using this method to upgrade or change their professional skills.
Another advantage of distance learning is that the student himself determines the duration of the study, that is, the student starts studying at the time of his/her choice, learns the materials under the supervision of the teacher. Mastery is determined by completing assignments and tests. The faster the student learns the given program, the faster he will complete his studies and get a certificate. The program


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if he does not learn, he will be given the opportunity to work independently and continue his studies.
In distance education, working people, mothers, and students usually study in order to acquire a specialty or improve their qualifications. This style is very convenient for people with disabilities. In distance learning, even prisoners have the opportunity to study. We heard about it several times in Australia.
The contingent involved in M0 should be composed of persons belonging to the following social groups:

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  those who want to get a second higher or additional education, improve their skills and retrain;
  
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  heads of regional authorities and management;
  
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  young people who could not receive information due to the limitations of the traditional taste system;
  
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  employees of companies and enterprises who want to raise their information status to the level of modern requirements;
  
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  listeners who want to receive second parallel information;
  
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  residents of underdeveloped regions far from the center;
  
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  persons with limited freedom of movement:
  
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  persons with physical disabilities;
  
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  persons in military service and others.
  

Distance learning also has organizational economic advantages. Auditoriums and dormitories are not necessary for students for distance learning. In distance education, financial documents are mainly used for the preparation of educational materials, for special audiences. The main part of this expense is spent in the stage of organizing this process. Then the financial costs will be reduced. Therefore, as the number of students increases, the cost of education also decreases. In distance education, the main focus should be on the preparation of educational material. Because the quality of educational material is one of the main factors of the quality of distance learning.
It is clear to many that this method has many advantages. Distance learning techniques and technology are implemented in all higher educational institutions


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a number of works are being carried out to increase it. The development of information technology requires a new approach to the implementation of distance education. Communication and network technologies are the basis of modern models of distance education organization. These technologies open up a wide range of information to users, but also create a problem of protection.