Rustamov Qalandar Ravshan o’g’li 3rd stage student of tdpu named Nizomi Abstract

ALISHER NAVOY'S POETRY.
COMPOSITION OF DEVONS
Rustamov Qalandar Ravshan o’g’li
3rd stage student of TDPU named Nizomi
Abstract: The first devan. "Badoyi" ul-bidoya" and "Navodir un-nihoya" devans "Khazayin ul-maoni" as a lyrical dictionary. The history, structural structure, importance of the collection. The order of divans in the collection and their specific features. Interpretation of ghazals in Devon
Key words: lyrical heritage, Turkish poetry, prologue, devan, lyrical genre, continent, masnavi, poetic letter, word, individual, problem, ahli meaning, ahli surrat, genre characteristics.
Alisher Navoi is the central figure of our classical literature, the shining sun of Turkish literature. The thinker poet took an important place in the history of literature with his poems in Turkish language of about 45 thousand lines and poetic heritage of more than 12 thousand lines in Persian-Tajik language. He penned more than fifteen poetic forms. In his ghazal, rubai and other types of poems, the poet highlighted the virtues of humanity and the meanings that call for goodness. Navoi went to his epic works through poetry, and his impressions of life were systematically expressed, first of all, in his poetry. It is impossible to imagine Navoi's work without lyrics, and at the same time to separate his lyrics from epic and scientific works. There is only one main issue in Navoi's poetry, and that is perfection. The poet's legacy is an artistic collection of virtues and truths of perfection. Alisher Navoi has been engaged in artistic creation since childhood. In his Preface to Khazayin ul-Maoni, the poet writes that he spent his whole life with poetry, the medium of poetry. Between the ages of three and four, he recited by heart the verses of the Persian writer Kasim Anvar and surprised the audience. (Majolis-un nafois). The fact that he was praised by Lutfi in his youth is a bright expression of the talent and talent of young Alisher.
It is known that Navoi's first poem was collected by the poet's fans and turned into a book. About this, the poet writes in the preface of "Badoyi" ul-bidaya "... but among his people there are more than a thousand or two thousand verses, the readers composed them themselves, and they became very famous." When Alisher was 24-25 years old, this devan was conditionally named "First Devan". This rare manuscript, kept in St. Petersburg, is the oldest among the surviving copies of the poet's works. The first divan was copied by Sultanali Mashhadi, who was known as the Sultan of Calligraphers in his time. Devon consists of 391 ghazals, 41 rubai, 1 mustazad, 1 mukhammas, and a total of 434 poems. Ghazals are the main part of the poems in Devon. Ghazals are composed on the basis of rhymes and radifs ending with 28 Arabic letters. The first devan begins with a ghazal of praise in accordance with the existing tradition of Eastern poetry: Iloho, podshoho, kirdigoro, Sanga ochuG' nihon-u-prakesh, matlasi, although this ghazal did not take place in the first official devans of the poet, the first devan of Khazayin ul-Maoni is a strange us-sigarga. included. After the ghazal genre to the first divan:
Ne vosma-vu ne kesmadur ul zulfi sumansoy,ne g‘amzai jodu
Mashshota sanga zoli falakdur magar, ey oy, xurshid anga ko‘zgu,
– A mustazad beginning with was placed, and this mustazad was first included in the "Badayi ulbidoya" and later "Badoyi ul-vasat" department by Alisher Navoi. One mukhammas, included in Devon as a third genre, is in the form of takhmis according to the nature of its creation, and is connected to Maulana Lutfiy's ghazal. Mukhammas begins with the verse "Sharbati yuhyil izam erni mayi nobindadur" This takhmis was first included in "Badoyi" ul-bidoya, and later in the third divan of the collection "Badoyi" ul-wasat. The first divan ends with rubai genre poems. A total of 41 Rubai's have been taken from Devon, and they are arranged in the order of the Arabic alphabet, like Ghazal. In Devan, you can see rubai's with the content of praise and prayer, and then praise. Alisher Navoi first included these rubai's in the "Badoyi" ul-bidoya, and then in the "Garayib us-siGar" department. The first Rubaiyat in Devon begins with the verse Subhanallah Khaliki z-ul-majdu ala, in which the vision of the Creator is glorified through the symbol of love (the sun), and His ratio is revealed through the relationship between the sun and particles:
Subhonallohi xoliqi z-ul-majdu alo,
Kim andin erur to‘la xalo birla malol.
Gar mehr aning misli degaylar uqalo,
Mehr ollida zarra yanglig‘ o‘lg‘ay masalo.
“ All the poems in the first divan were later included in Khazayin ul-Maoni. The poems are distributed as follows: 156 to Gharayib us-siGar, 0 to Navodir ush-shabab, 132 to Badoyi ul-wasat, 146 to Favoyid ul-kibar. A copy of the first devan, Sultanali Mashhadi. The manuscript, copied in 870/1465ᖖ66, is stored in the National Library of Russia in St. Petersburg under inventory number Dorn 564. The manuscript kept in the city of Kazan was copied by Mahmud the scribe in 976/1567ᖖ68 and is kept in the scientific library of the Kazan State University under inventory number 1742. In 2012, the literary critic A. Erkinov informed science about the existence of another divan composed by Alisher Navoi's fans and copied during the reign of the Aqquyunli dynasty. Copies of Devon copied during Alisher Navoi's lifetime (1480, 1482 and 1486) are kept in the National Library of Paris (1480, inv. 746), the British Museum (1482) and in Tashkent (1486, inv. 216, base copy). Based on these copies, the collection was prepared for publication by Sh. Sharipov and M. Rahmatullayeva, candidates of philological sciences (MAT, volume 1). Badoyi ul-bidoya is a special phenomenon in the literary environment of the 15th century. It differs from all previous divans by its scope, structural structure, and artistic features. The second official book ordered by Alisher Navoi was called "Navodir un-nihoya" (Behad rarities) and was compiled between 1480 and 1487. In the preface of Khazayin ul-Maoni, Navoi mentions that he also wrote a preface to "Navodir un-nihoya", but the copy of the divan that has reached us does not include the preface: I did it. Such issues are one of the problems waiting to be solved in Navoi studies, and this situation shows that a perfect copy of the book "Navodir un-nihoya" has not yet been found. In fact, in the copy of "Navodir un-nihoya" copied by Sultanali Mashhadi, in addition to Ghazal, there are also mustazad, tarjiband, qita, rubai, luGz, problem and tuyuk. One mukhammas, included in Devon as a third genre, is in the form of takhmis according to the nature of its creation, and is connected to Maulana Lutfiy's ghazal.
Mukhammas begins with the verse "Sharbati yuhyil izam erni mayi nobindadur" This takhmis was first included in "Badoyi" ul-bidoya, and later in the third divan of the collection "Badoyi" ul-wasat. The first divan ends with rubai genre poems. A total of 41 Rubai's have been taken from Devon, and they are arranged in the order of the Arabic alphabet, like Ghazal. In Devon, you can see rubai's with the content of dastla and munojot, and then nag. Alisher Navoi first included these rubai's in the "Badoyi" ul-bidoya, and then in the "Garayib us-siGar" department. The first Rubaiyat in Devon begins with the verse Subhanallah Khaliki z-ul-majdu ala, in which the vision of the Creator is glorified through the symbol of love (the sun), and His ratio is revealed through the relationship between the sun and particles:
Subhonallohi xoliqi z-ul-majdu alo,
Kim andin erur to‘la xalo birla malol.
Gar mehr aning misli degaylar uqalo,
It's a matter of dying for mercy. All the poems in the first divan were later included in Khazayin ul-Maoni. The poems are distributed as follows: 156 to Gharayib us-siGar, 0 to Navodir ush-shabab, 132 to Badoyi ul-wasat, 146 to Favoyid ul-kibar. A copy of the first devan, Sultanali Mashhadi. The manuscript, copied in 870/1465ᖖ66, is stored in the National Library of Russia in St. Petersburg under inventory number Dorn 564. The manuscript kept in the city of Kazan was copied by Mahmud the scribe in 976/1567ᖖ68 and is kept in the scientific library of the Kazan State University under inventory number 1742. In 2012, the literary critic A. Erkinov informed science about the existence of another divan composed by Alisher Navoi's fans and copied during the reign of the Aqquyunli dynasty.
Copies of Devon copied during Alisher Navoi's lifetime (1480, 1482 and 1486) are stored in the National Library of Paris (1480, inv. 746), the British Museum (1482) and Tashkent (1486, inv. 216, the original copy). Based on these copies, the collection was prepared for publication by Sh. Sharipov and M. Rahmatullayeva, candidates of philological sciences (MAT, volume 1). Badoyi is a special phenomenon in the literary environment of the 15th century, and it differs from all previous divans by its scope, structural structure, and artistic features. The second official book ordered by Alisher Navoi was called "Navodir un-nihoya" (Behad rarities) and was compiled between 1480 and 1487. In the preface of Khazayin ul-Maoni, Navoi mentions that he also wrote a preface to "Navodir un-nihoya", but the copy of the divan that has reached us does not include the preface: I did it. Such issues are among the problems waiting to be solved in Navoi studies, and this situation shows that a perfect copy of the book "Navodir un-nihoya" has not yet been found. In fact, in the copy of "Navodir un-nihoya" copied by Sultanali Mashhadi, in addition to ghazal, there are also genres such as mustazad, tarjiband, qita, rubai, luG'z, problem and tuyuk, and there are 69 genres in total. It consists of 3 poems.
In conclusion, we can say that Alisher Navoi's eight poems have reached us, and they occupy a significant place in the history of our literature. The thinker poet was busy with creativity from childhood to the end of his life and made an incomparable contribution to the development of Eastern literature. None of Navoi's works have been copied and spread among our people as much as his lyric divans.
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