Syzygium (Myrtaceae): Monographing a taxonomic giant via 22 coordinated regional revisions
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| Syzygium (Myrtaceae): Monographing a taxonomic giant via 22 coordinated regional revisions
SYZYGIUM WORKING GROUP 1
Authors listed alphabetically: Berhaman Ahmad 2 , Cláudia Baider 3 , Benedetta Bernardini 4,5 ,
6 , Fabian Brambach 7 , David Burslem 5 , James W. Byng 4,8 , Maarten J.M. Christenhusz 4,9
, F. B. Vincent Florens 10 , Eve J. Lucas 9 , Avik Ray 11 , Rajasri Ray 12 , Erik
Smets 8 , Neil W. Snow 13 , Joeri S. Strijk 14 , Peter G. Wilson 15
1 Recommended citation: SYZWG (2016) Syzygium Working Group 2 Faculty of Science & Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. 3 The Mauritius Herbarium, Agricultural Services, Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security; R. E. Vaughan Building, Réduit, Mauritius. 4 Plant Gateway, 5 Talbot Street, Hertford, Hertfordshire, SG13 7BX, UK. 5 School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK. 6 School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. 7 Ecology & Ecosystem Research, Georg-August-University Gottingen, Untere Karspule 2, 37073 Gottingen, Germany. 8 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Botany, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands. 9 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK. 10 Department of Biosciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius. 11 Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Sciences, Bengaluru, 560012, India. 12 Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Bengaluru, India 13 Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas, U.S.A. 14 College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, PR China. 15 Royal Botanic Gardens, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
Corresponding author: James W. Byng Plant Gateway, 5 Talbot Street, Hertford, SG13 7BX, United Kingdom Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Botany, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands. Email address: james.byng@naturalis.nl
PeerJ Preprints | https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.1930v1 | CC-BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 5 Apr 2016, publ: 5 Apr 2016 Syzygium Gaertn. is the largest woody genus of flowering plants in the world. Unpublished but extensive recent herbarium surveys suggest 1200‒1800 species distributed throughout the Old World tropics and subtropics (Table 1). Until recently, Syzygium exemplified a recurring taxonomic impediment among megadiverse genera, wherein few taxonomists worked on the group in any sustained manner, a majority of the herbarium specimens remained undetermined or misidentified, few if any attempts were made to look at the genus globally, and limited or no molecular studies were available to provide a predictive phylogenetic context of the genus. The situation with Syzygium has slowly begun to change as allied genera have been absorbed into the genus (Biffin et al., 2006; Craven & Biffin, 2010), and predictive phylogenetically-based infrageneric classifications are emerging. Taxonomic outputs on Syzygium also have been increasing across its range with the description of new species, resolution of nomenclatural and typification issues, and some regional revisions being initiated or updated. However, virtually all regional treatments (which some areas lack) need urgent revision because they are severely outdated, have limited molecular sampling and are error-ridden. We are coordinating a genus-wide taxonomic update of Syzygium through a series of 22 regional revisions, including 9 in the Flora Malesiana region (Figure 1). Each treatment will include a phylogenetic framework with species descriptions, type information, synonymy, distributions, ecological notes, and keys. Field images (Figure 2) and/or line drawings will be included with the goal of every species being illustrated. This working group has been formed to encourage a coordinated effort to document this unwieldy taxonomic giant and regional botanists working on the group are encouraged to be involved. A robust taxonomy of the genus is a prerequisite for testing the many complex questions about evolution and ecology that Syzygium could help address. PeerJ Preprints | https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.1930v1 | CC-BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 5 Apr 2016, publ: 5 Apr 2016
Figure 1. The regional revisions being prepared. PeerJ Preprints | https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.1930v1 | CC-BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 5 Apr 2016, publ: 5 Apr 2016
Figure 2. Example of field images of Mascarene species. A. S. glomeratum. B. S. contractum. C. S. latifolium. D. S. coriaceum. E. S. mauritianum. F. S. cymosum. G. S. cadetii. H. S. mamillatum. I. S. commersonii. J. S. guehoii. K. S. glomeratum. L. S. coriaceum. M. S. rampans. N. S. mauritianum. O. S. mamillatum. E, J & N by C. Baider and all other photos by J.W. Byng.
PeerJ Preprints | https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.1930v1 | CC-BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 5 Apr 2016, publ: 5 Apr 2016 Table 1. The twenty-two regional revisions being prepared towards a global monograph on Syzygium, with current and estimated diversity and notable references. † Estimated figures are following sorting of herbarium specimens at K, L, MO, P and WAG. Region Current taxa Estimated taxa † Notable references 1. Continental Africa 31 25
Keay (1954), Amshoff (1966, 1970), Boutique (1968), White (1978), Verdcourt (2001), Coates-Palgrave (2002)
2. Madagascar and the Comoros archipelago 25 35
Perrier de la Bâthie (1952, 1953), Labat & Schatz (2002), Snow (2010), Byng (2015), Byng et al. (2015b, 2016) 3. Mascarenes (Mauritius, La Réunion, Rodrigues) and Seychelles Islands
20 22
Baker (1877), Scott (1980, 1990), Bosser et al. (1987), Friedmann (1994), Bosser & Florens (2000), Byng et al. (2015a) 4. Indian subcontinent (Andaman Islands, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal) 86
89 Wight (1841), Duthie (1878-9), Kanjilal et al. (1938), Chithra (1983), Long & Rae (1991), Saldanha (1996), Almeida (1998), Nayar et al. (2006), Shareef et al. (2012, 2013, 2014), Sujanapal et al. (2013), Ramana et al. (2014), Byng et al. (2015c) 5. Sri Lanka 36
37 Ashton (1981), Kostermans (1981) 6. Myanmar 50
90 Kurz (1873, 1877), Mason (1951), Kress et al. (2003) 7. China 80
95 Merrill & Perry (1938a, 1939b), Chen & Craven (2007) 8. Thailand 96
105 Craib (1931), Chantaranothai & Parnell (1993, 1994, 2002), Chantaranothai (2001, 2014) PeerJ Preprints | https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.1930v1 | CC-BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 5 Apr 2016, publ: 5 Apr 2016
9. Indochina (Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam) 56 60
Merrill & Perry (1938b), Soh & Parnell (2011, 2015) 10. Peninsular Malaysia 140 180
King (1901), Henderson (1949), Turner (1995), Kochummen (1995) 11. Sumatra 90 175
Blume (1849), Widodo (2011a, b), Widodo et al. (2010) 12. Borneo 192 250
Blume (1849), Merrill & Perry (1939a), Davis (1997), Ashton (2006, 2011) 13. Java 62 80
Blume (1849), Amshoff (1944, 1945), Veldkamp (2003) 14. Philippines 190 185
Robinson (1909), Elmer (1912, 1914), Merrill (1915, 1921, 1923, 1951) 15. Sulawesi 14 105
Blume (1849) 16. Lesser Sunda Islands 9 45
N/A 17. Moluccas 14 65
Blume (1849) 18. New Guinea 190 250
Ridley (1916), Diels (1922, 1916), Hartley & Craven (1977), Merrill & Perry (1942a), Hartley & Perry (1973), Takeuchi (2002, 2015), Snow & Craven (2010), Conn & Damas (2015) 19. Australia 78
78 Hyland (1983), Craven (2003), Craven et al. (2005) 20. Melanasia (incl. Fiji, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu) 66 75
Merrill & Perry (1942a, 1942b), Perry (1950), Smith (1985), Whitmore (1967), Craven et al. (2005), Tuiwawa et al. (2013) 21. New Caledonia (incl. Lord Howe Island, New Zealand) 75 100
Dawson (1999), Snow et al. (2016, in prep.) 22. Polynesia (incl. Hawaii, Niue, Samoa, Tonga) and Micronesia 23
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