Tronox management pty ltd cooljarloo west titanium minerals
Table 15: Possible Regional Distribution of Vegetation Types based on Historical Regional Studies
Yüklə 32,99 Mb. Pdf görüntüsü
|
Table 15: Possible Regional Distribution of Vegetation Types based on Historical Regional Studies
Broad Description Reference Possible Equivalent or Similar Community Type * Location 1 Wet Heaths dominated by Banksia, Melaleuca, Hakea, and Calothamnus spp. Crook et al. (1984) Association grouping seasonal fresh water swamps Namming NR Griffin and Keighery (1989) Wet Heaths Moore River National Park Namming Nature Reserve 2 Damp Shrublands dominated by Melaleuca spp. Crook et al. (1984) Seasonal swamps with
variable vegetation including thicket to scrub of Melaleuca spp. Eneminga NR 3 Occasional Banksia prionotes over damp Shrubland of Regelia ciliata, Kunzea glabrescens or Verticordia densiflora subsp. densiflora Crook et al. (1984) Heath association of Regelia ciliata,
patches of Banksia woodland on higher ground Eneminga NR ecologia (1998, 2000) NA
DTA 4 Shrubland of Acacia saligna subsp. lindleyi and Calothamnus quadrifidus over sedges Gibson et al. (1994) SCP5 (Mixed Shrub Damplands) Bassendean and Pinjarra Plain Landsystems; majority of
quadrats in
Nature Reserves 5 Damp Heaths dominated by Banksia telmatiaea and Melaleuca seriata Griffin and Keighery (1989) Wet Heaths Moore River National Park Namming Nature Reserve CALM (1998) Soil type possibly represented Nambung National Park 6 Low Woodland of Banksia attenuata, Banksia menziesii and/or Banksia ilicifolia over shrubs on sand Gibson et al. (1994)
SCP22 (Banksia ilicifolia Woodlands) Mainly on
Bassendean Sands; some quadrats in State Forest Crook et al. (1984)
Low Woodland A of B. attenuata and B. menziesii (occasional B. ilicifolia and B. prionotes) Eneminga NR
Low Woodland A of B. attenuata and B. menziesii (occasional B. ilicifolia and E. todtiana) over Low Heath D of mixed species
Namming NR 7 Heaths dominated by
Allocasuarina, Hakea, Calothamnus spp. and Xanthorrhoea preissii on sand Crook et al. (1984)
Reserve noted to contain low species-rich heathlands on sandy and gravelley soils Minyulo NR
Tronox Management Pty Ltd Cooljarloo West Mineral Sands Mine Flora and Vegetation Assessment Woodman Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd 66.
VT Broad Description Reference Possible Equivalent or Similar Community Type * Location over laterite Reserve noted to contain sandy gravels on ridges supporting Xanthorrhoea spp. over Low Heathlands Reserve 27216 Griffin and Keighery (1989) Laterite Heaths Badgingarra National Park 8 Upper slope Shrublands on sand over limestone Crook et al. (1984)
Inland Heaths; Open Dwarf Scrub C of Melaleuca acerosa, Acacia cochlearis and Hakea prostrata Wanagarren NR
NA DTA
CALM (1998) Soil type possibly represented Nambung National Park 9a
Low Wet Shrublands dominated by Melaleuca spp. in clay pan Woodman Environmental (2012b) Tall Shrublands of a mix of Melaleuca teretifolia and M. rhaphiophylla UCL both north and south of Study Area 9b
Damp Forest to Woodland of Eucalyptus rudis over Melaleuca rhaphiophylla and Acacia saligna Gibson et al. (1994)
SCP11 (Wet Forests and Woodlands) Sometimes on Bassendean Sands; some quadrats in Nature Reserve
NA
DTA 10
Damp Woodland of Banksia littoralis and Melaleuca preissiana over sedges NA
NA NA
11 Open Damp Forest of Eucalyptus rudis, Corymbia calophylla, Melaleuca spp. over sparse Acacia spp. and coastal shrubs Gibson et al. (1994)
SCP11 (Wet Forests and Woodlands) Sometimes on Bassendean Sands; some quadrats in Nature Reserve Woodman Environmental (2000) F2: Dense Low Forest of Melaleuca rhaphiophylla and Corymbia calophylla Moore River NP Woodman Environmental (2012b)
Woodland UCL west of Study Area Woodman Environmental (2009d) F1:
Low Forest
of Melaleuca preissiana, Eucalyptus rudis, Melaleuca rhaphiophylla and Corymbia calophylla on grey sandy clay. Coomallo NR CALM (1998) Soil type possibly represented Nambung National Park 12 Shrubland of Acacia saligna and
Melaleuca rhaphiophylla on sand with ironstone NA
NA NA
13 Samphire Shrublands on saline flats NA NA
NA Tronox Management Pty Ltd Cooljarloo West Mineral Sands Mine Flora and Vegetation Assessment Woodman Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd 67.
VT Broad Description Reference Possible Equivalent or Similar Community Type * Location 14
Woodland of Casuarina obesa over Melaleuca spp. on saline flats NA NA
NA 15
Low Woodland of Eucalyptus decipiens or Eucalyptus foecunda over Acacia spp. on sand over limestone Burbidge and Boscacci (1989) Site 5 Southern Beekeepers NR CALM (1998) Soil type possibly represented Nambung National Park 16
Sedgelands on non-saline flats CALM (1998) Soil type possibly represented Nambung National Park 17 Low Forest to Woodland of Bankia attenuata, with occasional Banksia menziesii and Eucalyptus todtiana over shrubs dominated by Adenanthos cygnorum and Eremaea pauciflora on sand Gibson et al. (1994)
SCP23a (Central Banksia attenuata – B. menziesii Woodlands) and 23b (Northern Banksia attenuata – B. menziesii Woodlands). Mainly
located on
Bassendean Sands; quadrats in State Forest and Nature Reserve Crook et al. (1984)
Low Woodland A of B. attenuata over Thicket/Scrub of Adenanthos cygnorum and Banksia burdettii over Low Heath C/D of varied composition Bundarra NR Crook et al. (1984)
Inland Woodlands: Open Low Woodland A of B. attenuata over Low Scrub B of mixed species Wanagarren NR Gibson and Keighery (1989) Banksia Woodlands Moore River NP Namming NR
DTA Woodman Environmental (2000) W5: Low Woodland of B. attenuata and B. menziesii over mixed low shrubs dominated by Eremaea pauciflora on grey sand Moore River NP 18 Low Forest to Low Woodland of Banksia attenuata and B. menziesii with occasional Eucalyptus todtiana on yellow sand on mid-slopes Gibson et al. (1994)
SCP20a (Banksia attenuata woodlands over species rich Dense Shrublands) and SCP28 (Spearwood Banksia attenuata or Banksia attenuata –
Woodlands). Located on Spearwood and Bassendean Sands; quadrats on Crown Land Crook et al. (1984)
Low Woodland A of B. attenuata and B. menziesii (occasional B. ilicifolia and E. todtiana) over Low Heath D of mixed species
Namming NR Inland Woodlands: Open Low Woodland A of B. attenuata over Low Scrub B of mixed species Wanagarren NR Gibson and Keighery (1989) Banksia Woodlands Moore River NP Tronox Management Pty Ltd Cooljarloo West Mineral Sands Mine Flora and Vegetation Assessment Woodman Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd 68.
VT Broad Description Reference Possible Equivalent or Similar Community Type * Location Namming Nature Reserve ecologia (1998, 2000) NA
DTA Woodman
Environmental (2000)
W5: Low Woodland of B. attenuata and B. menziesii over mixed low shrubs dominated by Eremaea pauciflora on grey sand Moore River NP
Tronox Management Pty Ltd Cooljarloo West Mineral Sands Mine Flora and Vegetation Assessment Woodman Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd 69.
5 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 5.1 Flora of the Study Area A total of 1156 discrete vascular plant taxa (excluding hybrids) have been recorded within and immediately adjacent to the Cooljarloo West Study Area, including 1063 native taxa; 573 of these native taxa were recorded during surveys in 2012. By comparison, approximately 4165 vascular plant taxa (including 3322 native taxa) are noted by FloraBase (DPaW 2013a) to occur within the SWA02 (Swan Coastal Plain) subregion; approximately 32 % of the known native flora of this subregion is therefore known within the Study Area.
One of the main causes of the high floristic diversity within the Study Area may be the proximity to the Study Area of the GS03 and SWA01 subregions, reflecting differences in soil and underlying geology. As displayed in Appendix J, the location of the Study Area may represent extensions of the known ranges of approximately 70 flora taxa, including 10 CS flora taxa. Although none of the taxa recorded in the Study Area are endemic to the Study Area itself, several have relatively small ranges, including Arnocrinum gracillimum (P2),
Keighery 28 B) (P1), Hakea longiflora (P3), Hypocalymma serrulatum (P3), Malleostemon sp. Cooljarloo (B. Backhouse s.n. 16/11/88) (P1), Onychosepalum microcarpum (P2),
A large number of CS flora taxa are known to occur within the Study Area, the majority of which were historically known from the area. Despite numerous surveys historically undertaken within the Study Area, five CS flora taxa were newly recorded for the Study Area during the 2012 studies. Collections of each of these taxa represent either range extensions (Guichenotia alba (P3), Verticordia huegelii var. tridens (P3)), further define their known ranges (Allocasuarina grevillioides (P3), Beyeria cinerea subsp. cinerea (P3)), or represent further collections of nearby known locations (Hibbertia spicata subsp. leptotheca (P3)).
Considerable numbers of populations of listed T – DRF taxa are known in the Study Area, likely as a result of the numerous intensive, historical surveys for these taxa within suitable habitat. A total of 39 Andersonia gracilis, 22 confirmed Anigozanthos viridis subsp. terraspectans and 24 Macarthuria keigheryi populations are known within the Study Area (Figure 7.1). The majority of all known populations of both Andersonia gracilis and Anigozanthos viridis subsp. terraspectans are located in the Cooljarloo area, however approximately half of the Macarthuria keigheryi populations are known outside of this area, including within the Perth metropolitan area. The record of Paracaleana dixonii in the Study Area is a new locality, with the majority of populations of this taxon known from sandplain areas north of the Study Area.
The preferred habitat of the four threatened flora taxa known within the Study Area covers the majority of the Study Area itself, due to the differing habitat requirements of these taxa. In total, approximately 75.5 % of the Study Area comprises preferred habitat for one or more Threatened (DRF) taxa. Both Andersonia gracilis and Anigozanthos viridis subsp.
black sandy clay to grey sand to clay loam flats near or on the margins of swamps or in depressions. Although both of these taxa have been recorded in a variety of VTs in the Study Area, the preferred habitat of Andersonia gracilis is restricted to VTs 1, 2 and 5 (22.3 % of Tronox Management Pty Ltd Cooljarloo West Mineral Sands Mine Flora and Vegetation Assessment Woodman Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd 70.
the Study Area), and the preferred habitat of Anigozanthos viridis subsp. terraspectans is VT 1 (13.1 % of the Study Area).
Conversely, Macarthuria keigheryi (T-DRF) is historically recorded to grow in winter-damp sands under Banksia and Kingia (Brown et al. 1998), however it is more recently known to also occur on drier, sandy areas, usually found in areas recovering from fire or disturbance. The preferred habitat of this taxon (VTs 17 and 18) equates to 66.03 % of the Study Area. Likewise, the preferred habitat of Paracaleana dixonii equates to 72.8 % of the Study Area.
There are several poorly known flora taxa in the Study Area:
Eremophila glabra subsp. ?carnosa is known from two locations in the Study Area, both in VT 2. This taxon was previously identified as Eremophila glabra subsp. chlorella (T-DRF); however, further examination of specimens taken from these locations by Andrew Brown has resulted in a new partial identification. This taxon is still of interest, as it does not fit Eremophila glabra subsp. carnosa, and may in fact represent a new taxon. The preferred habitat for this taxon is VT 2, which comprises 3.1 % of the Study Area.
Diurus ?eburnea (P1) has been recorded in the Wongonderrah Nature Reserve. This taxon is known from between Eneabba and Three Springs and therefore if this identification were to prove correct this would result in a large range extension for this poorly known taxon. It was recorded in VT 10, which comprises of 0.3 % of the Study Area.
A single collection of Stylidium carnosum subsp. ?Narrow leaves (J.A. Wege 490) (P1) was recorded within the existing Cooljarloo mining area during 2011;
two from VT 2 and a third from within VT 6 (4.05 % of the Study Area). Prior to this survey, this taxa was known from only one population, in the vicinity of Muchea (150 km south of the Study Area).
A single specimen of Schoenus badius (P2) was identified from surveys in 2006 in the northern portion of the Study Area. The specimen has been lodged at the Western Australian Herbarium under this name, however subsequent survey in 2007 determined that this specimen was more likely to represent a slightly atypical form of the very similar Schoenus pennisetus (P1) (Helena Holdings 2007).
Despite the relatively well surveyed nature of the Study Area, the surveys in 2012 identified a significant number of new taxa for the area including five previously unrecorded CS flora taxa. This indicates the high species richness and diversity of the vegetation present at Cooljarloo and suggests that as yet unrecorded taxa are likely to be present.
Nineteen VTs have been mapped within the Study Area comprising of two VTs associated with the more common Banksia Woodlands on sandy dunal areas, and a further 17 VTs ranging from Heaths to Woodlands associated with several drainage systems and braided wetlands that transect the Study Area. The vegetation of the Study Area was found to be in primarily Pristine condition despite a very large number of introduced species being recorded.
Statistical analysis of the floristic quadrat data produced reasonably strong and distinct groupings in general. However, a large number of quadrats were manually allocated to Tronox Management Pty Ltd Cooljarloo West Mineral Sands Mine Flora and Vegetation Assessment Woodman Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd 71.
different groups as a result of inappropriate positioning in the field and other factors such as mosaics of soil and hydrological conditions.
Assessment of local conservation significance of the VTs of the Study Area assigned the majority of VTs a Moderate local conservation significance ranking, comprising 78.1 % of the Study Area. Eight VTs (comprising 11.0 % of the Study Area) were assigned a local conservation significance ranking of High, and a further eight VTs (3.2 % of the Study Area) were assigned a local conservation significance ranking of Very High. These rankings were based on a combination of preferred habitat for Threatened flora taxa and mapped extent through the Study Area. It must be noted that of the eight VTs with a local conservation significance of Very High, six of them (VTs 3, 4, 11, 14, 15 and 16) have highly restricted distributions within the Study Area (occupying <0.1 % of the Study Area). The presence of T-DRF taxa within some of the VTs increased the conservation significance, particularly where the VT formed preferred habitat for particular taxa. As stated previously, approximately 75.5 % of the Study Area comprises preferred habitat for one or more T-DRF taxa indicating that the vegetation of the Study Area in general is of relatively high conservation value.
There is no regional dataset against which to accurately compare the VTs of the Study Area in order to determine their regional extent and significance, as the closest relevant study was undertaken south of the Study Area. In reviewing the Swan Coastal Plain studies it was concluded that few similarities exist between the Study Area and the vegetation of the Southern Swan Coastal Plain and that additional work to resolve differences and similarities is required before a comprehensive understanding of regional representation of vegetation types can be reached.
Comparison of the VTs against several historical regional survey reports in the region indicates that many of these VTs are likely to be represented in conservation reserve outside of the Study Area. VTs 12, 13, 14 and 16 are not known in conservation estate outside of the Study Area, and therefore their regional conservation significance is assumed to be high. In particular, VT 14 is considered to be of high regional conservation status, as it shows affinities with Casuarina obesa woodlands which were noted by Keighery and Keighery (1992) as being highly restricted in the northern Swan Coastal Plain. There are no listed TECs or PECs known in the Study Area, and none of the VTs mapped in the Study Area can be correlated to listed TECs or PECs.
Tronox Management Pty Ltd Cooljarloo West Mineral Sands Mine Flora and Vegetation Assessment Woodman Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd 72.
Kataloq: australia australia -> Review of card payments regulation Consultation Paper December 2015 australia -> Apidae Amegilla adelaidae Proteaceae Persoonia virgata australia -> File: March/Draf t wt periodic report doc II introduction australia -> Tweed Shire Council – Recreation Services – Rare and Significant Trees australia -> Australian Native Plants Fact Sheet Copyright 2014 Maclean Landcare Group Inc australia -> Lesson 2 culture of native plants australia -> Australian wildflower product directory This chart covers the most commonly grown products for which a quality specification or product factsheet are available australia -> Paper presented at the ifeat international Conference ‘Australia and New Zealand: Essential Oils and Yüklə 32,99 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
|