Woody Density Phase 1 State of Knowledge Jugo Ilic Doug Boland Maurice McDonald Geoff Downes and Philip Blakemore
National Carbon Accounting System Technical Report
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| Species Name Family Index No. and Name State of Forest Report NSW Vic Qld WA Tas Eucalyptus socialis F153 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus sparsifolia F153 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus spathulata F153 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus stellulata F153 Myrtaceae Yes Eucalyptus subargentea F153 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus subcrenulata F153 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus tectifera F153 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus tereticornis F153 Myrtaceae Yes Eucalyptus tetragona F153 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus tetraptera F153 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus tetrodonta F153 Myrtaceae Yes Eucalyptus torquata F153 Myrtaceae Yes Eucalyptus transcontinentalis F153 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus tricarpa F153 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus umbra F153 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus vernicosa F153 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus viminalis F153 Myrtaceae Yes yes (8) Eucalyptus viridis F153 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus wandoo F153 Myrtaceae Yes Yes Eucryphia lucida F129 Eucryphiaceae Eugenia reinwardtiana F153 Myrtaceae Euodia haplophylla F195 Rutaceae Eupomatia laurina F051 Eupomatiaceae Euroschinus falcata F189 Anacardiaceae Excoecaria agallocha F177 Euphorbiaceae Exocarpos cupressiformis F164 Santalaceae Exocarpos latifolia F164 Santalaceae Exocarpos sparteus F164 Santalaceae Fagraea racemosa F212 Strychnaceae Ficus benjamina F075 Moraceae Ficus coronata F075 Moraceae Ficus fraseri F075 Moraceae Ficus macrophylla F075 Moraceae Ficus microcarpa F075 Moraceae Ficus obliqua F075 Moraceae Ficus opposita F075 Moraceae Ficus platypoda F075 Moraceae Ficus racemosa F075 Moraceae Ficus rubiginosa F075 Moraceae Ficus superba F075 Moraceae Australian Greenhouse Office 194 Species Name Family Index No. and Name State of Forest Report NSW Vic Qld WA Tas Ficus virens F075 Moraceae Ficus watkinsiana F075 Moraceae Flindersia australis F194 Flindersiaceae Flindersia collina F194 Flindersiaceae Flindersia maculosa F194 Flindersiaceae Flindersia schottiana F194 Flindersiaceae Flueggia virosa F177 Euphorbiaceae Ganophyllum falcatum F186 Sapindaceae Garcinia warrenii F102 Clusiaceae Gardenia megasperma F252 Rubiaceae Gardenia pyriformis F252 Rubiaceae Gastrolobium bilobum F146 Fabaceae Gastrolobium callistachys F146 Fabaceae Geijera latifolia F195 Rutaceae Geijera paniculata F195 Rutaceae Geijera parviflora F195 Rutaceae Geijera salicifolia F195 Rutaceae Geissois benthamiana F130 Cunoniaceae Glochidion disparipes F177 Euphorbiaceae Glochidion ferdinandi F177 Euphorbiaceae Glochidion lobocarpum F177 Euphorbiaceae Glochidion sumatranum F177 Euphorbiaceae Glycosmis pentaphylla F195 Rutaceae Glycosmis trifoliata F195 Rutaceae Gmelina dalrympleana F229 Verbenaceae Gmelina leichhardtii F229 Verbenaceae Goodia lotifolia F146 Fabaceae Grevillea agrifolia F161 Proteaceae Grevillea aspleniifolia F161 Proteaceae Grevillea banksii F161 Proteaceae Grevillea barklyana F161 Proteaceae Grevillea decora F161 Proteaceae Grevillea decurrens F161 Proteaceae Grevillea dimidiata F161 Proteaceae Grevillea excelsior F161 Proteaceae Grevillea glauca F161 Proteaceae Grevillea heliosperma F161 Proteaceae Grevillea hilliana F161 Proteaceae Grevillea johnsonii F161 Proteaceae Grevillea juncifolia F161 Proteaceae continued next page National Carbon Accounting System Technical Report 195 Species Name Family Index No. and Name State of Forest Report NSW Vic Qld WA Tas Grevillea mimosoides F161 Proteaceae Grevillea nematophylla F161 Proteaceae Grevillea obliquistigma F161 Proteaceae Grevillea parallela F161 Proteaceae Grevillea pteridifolia F161 Proteaceae Grevillea pterosperma F161 Proteaceae Grevillea pyramidalis F161 Proteaceae Grevillea refracta F161 Proteaceae Grevillea robusta F161 Proteaceae Grevillea stenobotrya F161 Proteaceae Grevillea striata F161 Proteaceae Grevillea wickhamii F161 Proteaceae Grewia breviflora F104 Tiliaceae Grewia latifolia F104 Tiliaceae Guettardia speciosa F252 Rubiaceae Guettardiella tenuiflora F252 Rubiaceae Guilfoylia monostylis F192 Surianaceae Guioa semiglauca F186 Sapindaceae Gynatrix pulchella F107 Malvaceae Gyrocarpus americanus F056 Gyrocarpaceae Gyrostemon ramulosus F084 Gyrostemonaceae Hakea arborescens F161 Proteaceae Hakea arida F161 Proteaceae Hakea chordophylla F161 Proteaceae Hakea coriacea F161 Proteaceae Hakea cucullata F161 Proteaceae Hakea cunninghamii F161 Proteaceae Hakea dactyloides F161 Proteaceae Hakea decurrens F161 Proteaceae Hakea divaricata F161 Proteaceae Hakea epiglottis F161 Proteaceae Hakea eriantha F161 Proteaceae Hakea eyreana F161 Proteaceae Hakea francisiana F161 Proteaceae Hakea fraseri F161 Proteaceae Hakea laurina F161 Proteaceae Hakea leucoptera F161 Proteaceae Hakea lissosperma F161 Proteaceae Hakea lorea F161 Proteaceae Hakea macrocarpa F161 Proteaceae Australian Greenhouse Office 196 Species Name Family Index No. and Name State of Forest Report NSW Vic Qld WA Tas Hakea muelleriana F161 Proteaceae Hakea nodosa F161 Proteaceae Hakea petiolaris F161 Proteaceae Hakea platysperma F161 Proteaceae Hakea plurinervia F161 Proteaceae Hakea preissii F161 Proteaceae Hakea prostrata F161 Proteaceae Hakea recurva F161 Proteaceae Hakea rostrata F161 Proteaceae Hakea salicifolia F161 Proteaceae Hakea sericea F161 Proteaceae Hakea suberea F161 Proteaceae Hakea tephrosperma F161 Proteaceae Hakea ulicina F161 Proteaceae Hakea varia F161 Proteaceae Hakea victoria F161 Proteaceae Halfordia kendack F195 Rutaceae Harpullia hillii F186 Sapindaceae Harpullia pendula F186 Sapindaceae Harrisonia brownii F191 Simaroubaceae Hedycarya angustifolia F054 Monimiaceae Helicia australasica F161 Proteaceae Helicia glabriflora F161 Proteaceae Heritiera littoralis F105 Sterculiaceae Hernandia bivalvis F058 Hernandiaceae Hernandia nymphaeifolia F058 Hernandiaceae Hibiscus heterophyllus F107 Malvaceae Hibiscus splendens F107 Malvaceae Hibiscus tiliaceus F107 Malvaceae Hodgkinsonia ovatifolia F252 Rubiaceae Homalium alnifolium F109 Flacourtiaceae Hymenanthera dentata F110 Violaceae Hymenosporum flavum F133 Pittosporaceae Ichnocarpus serpyllifolius F216 Apocynaceae Ilex arnhemensis F174 Aquifoliaceae Ixora beckleri F252 Rubiaceae Ixora klanderiana F252 Rubiaceae Jacksonia furcellata F146 Fabaceae Jacksonia scoparia F146 Fabaceae Jacksonia thesioides F146 Fabaceae continued next page National Carbon Accounting System Technical Report 197 Species Name Family Index No. and Name State of Forest Report NSW Vic Qld WA Tas Jagera pseudorhus F186 Sapindaceae Kunzea ericoides F153 Myrtaceae Lagarostrobos franklinii F043 Podocarpaceae Lagunaria patersonia F107 Malvaceae Larsenaikia ochreata F252 Rubiaceae Leptospermum brachyandrum F153 Myrtaceae Leptospermum brevipes F153 Myrtaceae Leptospermum grandifolium F153 Myrtaceae Leptospermum laevigatum F153 Myrtaceae Leptospermum lanigerum F153 Myrtaceae Leptospermum madidum F153 Myrtaceae Leptospermum nitidum F153 Myrtaceae Leptospermum petersonii F153 Myrtaceae Leptospermum polygalifolium F153 Myrtaceae Leptospermum scoparium F153 Myrtaceae Leptospermum squarrosum F153 Myrtaceae Leptospermum trinervium F153 Myrtaceae Leucopogon parviflorus F123 Epacridaceae Litsea australis F057 Lauraceae Litsea glutinosa F057 Lauraceae Litsea reticulata F057 Lauraceae Lomatia fraseri F161 Proteaceae Lomatia myricoides F161 Proteaceae Lophospermum grandiflorus F153 Myrtaceae Lophostemon confertus F153 Myrtaceae Lophostemon suaveolens F153 Myrtaceae Lumnitzera racemosa F157 Combretaceae Lysicarpus angustifolius F153 Myrtaceae Lysiphyllum cunninghamii F145 Caesalpiniaceae Lysiphyllum gilvum F145 Caesalpiniaceae Macadamia integrifolia F161 Proteaceae Macadamia tetraphylla F161 Proteaceae Macaranga involucrata F177 Euphorbiaceae Macaranga tanarius F177 Euphorbiaceae Malaisia scandens F075 Moraceae Mallotus claoxyloides F177 Euphorbiaceae Mallotus mollissimus F177 Euphorbiaceae Mallotus nesophilus F177 Euphorbiaceae Mallotus philippensis F177 Euphorbiaceae Maytenus cunninghamii F170 Celastraceae Australian Greenhouse Office 198 Species Name Family Index No. and Name State of Forest Report NSW Vic Qld WA Tas Maytenus disperma F170 Celastraceae Maytenus silvestris F170 Celastraceae Medicosma cunninghamii F195 Rutaceae Melaleuca acacioides F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca acerosa F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca alternifolia F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca argentea F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca armillaris F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca bracteata F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca brevifolia F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca cajuputi F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca cuticularis F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca dealbata F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca decora F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca decussata F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca dissitifora F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca eleuterostachys F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca ericifolia F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca glomerata F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca groveana F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca halmaturorum F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca hypericifolia F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca incana F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca lanceolata F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca lasiandra F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca lateriflora F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca leucadendra F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca linariifolia F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca nervosa F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca nesophila F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca nodosa F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca pauperiflora F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca preissiana F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca quinquenervia F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca rhaphiophylla F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca squarrosa F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca styphelioides F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca thymifolia F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca thyoides F153 Myrtaceae Melaleuca uncinata F153 Myrtaceae continued next page National Carbon Accounting System Technical Report 199 Species Name Family Index No. and Name State of Forest Report NSW Vic Qld WA Tas Melaleuca viridiflora F153 Myrtaceae Melastoma affine F156 Melastomataceae Melia azedarach F193 Meliaceae Melicope elleryana F195 Rutaceae Melicope erythrococca F195 Rutaceae Melicope micrococca F195 Rutaceae Melicope vitiflora F195 Rutaceae Memecylon pauciflorum F155 Memecylaceae Microcitrus australasica F195 Rutaceae Micromelum minutum F195 Rutaceae Mimusops elengi F124 Sapotaceae Mischocarpus anodontus F186 Sapindaceae Mischocarpus lachnocarpus F186 Sapindaceae Mischocarpus pyriformis F186 Sapindaceae Monotoca elliptica F123 Epacridaceae Morinda citrifolia F252 Rubiaceae Murraya paniculata F195 Rutaceae Myoporum acuminatum F235 Myoporaceae Myoporum insulare F235 Myoporaceae Myoporum montanum F235 Myoporaceae Myoporum platycarpum F235 Myoporaceae Myristica insipida F050 Myristicaceae Nauclea orientalis F253 Naucleaceae Neisosperma poweri F216 Apocynaceae Neolitsea dealbata F057 Lauraceae Nestegis ligustrina F219 Oleaceae Niemeyera chartacea F124 Sapotaceae Notelaea longifolia F219 Oleaceae Notelaea microcarpa F219 Oleaceae Notelaea venosa F219 Oleaceae Nothofagus cunninghamii F079 Fagaceae Nothofagus moorei F079 Fagaceae Nuytsia floribunda F165 Loranthaceae Ochrosia elliptica F216 Apocynaceae Olea paniculata F219 Oleaceae Olearia argophylla F258 Asteraceae Olearia stellulata F258 Asteraceae Omalanthus nutans F177 Euphorbiaceae Orites excelsa F161 Proteaceae Osbornia octodonta F153 Myrtaceae Australian Greenhouse Office 200 Species Name Family Index No. and Name State of Forest Report NSW Vic Qld WA Tas Owenia acidula F193 Meliaceae Owenia reticulata F193 Meliaceae Owenia venosa F193 Meliaceae Owenia vernicosa F193 Meliaceae Oxylobium arborescens F146 Fabaceae Oxylobium lanceolatum F146 Fabaceae Ozothamnus diosmifolius F258 Asteraceae Ozothamnus ferrugineus F258 Asteraceae Pararchidendron pruinosum F144 Mimosaceae Paraserianthes lophantha F144 Mimosaceae Paraserianthes toona F144 Mimosaceae Pavetta australiensis F252 Rubiaceae Pemphis acidula F151 Lythraceae Pennantia cunninghamii F173 Icacinaceae Persoonia attenuata F161 Proteaceae Persoonia cornifolia F161 Proteaceae Persoonia falcata F161 Proteaceae Persoonia levis F161 Proteaceae Persoonia linearis F161 Proteaceae Petalostigma pubescens F177 Euphorbiaceae Phebalium bilobum F195 Rutaceae Phebalium squameum F195 Rutaceae Phebalium squamulosum F195 Rutaceae Phyllocladus aspleniifolius F044 Phyllocladaceae Pilidiostigma glabrum F153 Myrtaceae Pipturus argentius F077 Urticaceae Pisonia umbellifera F082 Nyctaginaceae Pittosporum bicolor F133 Pittosporaceae Pittosporum melanospermum F133 Pittosporaceae Pittosporum phylliraeoides F133 Pittosporaceae Pittosporum revolutum F133 Pittosporaceae Pittosporum rhombifolium F133 Pittosporaceae Pittosporum undulatum F133 Pittosporaceae Planchonella australis F124 Sapotaceae Planchonella chartacea F124 Sapotaceae Planchonella cotinifolia F124 Sapotaceae Planchonella laurifolia F124 Sapotaceae Planchonella pohlmaniana F124 Sapotaceae Planchonia careya F108 Barringtoniaceae Pleiogynium timorense F189 Anacardiaceae continued next page National Carbon Accounting System Technical Report 201 Species Name Family Index No. and Name State of Forest Report NSW Vic Qld WA Tas Pleurostylia opposita F170 Celastraceae Podocarpus elatus F043 Podocarpaceae Podocarpus lawrencei F043 Podocarpaceae Pogonolobus reticulatus F252 Rubiaceae Polyalthia nitidissima F049 Annonaceae Polyosma cunninghamii F139 Escalloniaceae Polyscias australiana F206 Araliaceae Polyscias elegans F206 Araliaceae Polyscias murrayi F206 Araliaceae Polyscias sambucifolius F206 Araliaceae Pomaderris apetala F180 Rhamnaceae Pomaderris argyrophylla F180 Rhamnaceae Pomaderris aspera F180 Rhamnaceae Pomaderris elliptica F180 Rhamnaceae Pomaderris ferruginea F180 Rhamnaceae Pomaderris lanigera F180 Rhamnaceae Pouteria sericea F124 Sapotaceae Premna acuminata F229 Verbenaceae Premna lignum-vitae F229 Verbenaceae Premna serratifolia F229 Verbenaceae Prostanthera lasianthos F232 Lamiaceae Pseudoweinmannia lachnocarpa F130 Cunoniaceae Pseuduvaria froggattii F049 Annonaceae Pseuduvaria villosa F049 Annonaceae Psychotria daphnoides F252 Rubiaceae Psychotria loniceroides F252 Rubiaceae Quintinia sieberi F139 Escalloniaceae Randia benthamiana F252 Rubiaceae Randia chartacea F252 Rubiaceae Randia fitzalanii F252 Rubiaceae Rapanea howittiana F127 Myrsinaceae Rapanea subsessilis F127 Myrsinaceae Rapanea variabliis F127 Myrsinaceae Rhizophora stylosa F158 Rhizophoraceae Rhodamnia argentea F153 Myrtaceae Rhodamnia rubescens F153 Myrtaceae Rhodomyrtus trineura F153 Myrtaceae Rhodosphaera rhodanthema F189 Anacardiaceae Rhysotoechia bifoliolata F186 Sapindaceae Richea dracophylla F123 Epacridaceae Australian Greenhouse Office 202 Species Name Family Index No. and Name State of Forest Report NSW Vic Qld WA Tas Richea pandanifolia F123 Epacridaceae Richea scoparia F123 Epacridaceae Sambucus australasica F255 Sambucaceae Santalum acuminatum F164 Santalaceae Santalum lanceolatum F164 Santalaceae Santalum murrayanum F164 Santalaceae Santalum spicatum F164 Santalaceae Sarcomelicope simplicifolia F195 Rutaceae Scaevola taccada F251 Goodeniaceae Schefflera actinophylla F206 Araliaceae Schizomeria ovata F130 Cunoniaceae Scolopia braunii F109 Flacourtiaceae Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea F252 Rubiaceae Senna magnifolia F145 Caesalpiniaceae Senna surattensis F145 Caesalpiniaceae Senna timoriensis F145 Caesalpiniaceae Seringia arborescens F105 Sterculiaceae Siphonodon australis F170 Celastraceae Sloanea australis F103 Elaeocarpaceae Sonneratia alba F150 Sonneratiaceae Sophora tomentosa F146 Fabaceae Stenocarpus cunninghamii F161 Proteaceae Stenocarpus salignus F161 Proteaceae Stenocarpus sinuatus F161 Proteaceae Sterculia quadrifida F105 Sterculiaceae Streblus brunonianus F075 Moraceae Strychnos axillaris F212 Strychnaceae Strychnos lucida F212 Strychnaceae Symplocos cochinchinensis F126 Symplocaceae Symplocos stawellii F126 Symplocaceae Symplocos thwaitesii F126 Symplocaceae Syncarpia glomulifera F153 Myrtaceae Synoum glandulosum F193 Meliaceae Syzygium australe F153 Myrtaceae Syzygium eucalyptoides F153 Myrtaceae Syzygium forte F153 Myrtaceae Syzygium johnsonii F153 Myrtaceae Syzygium luehmannii F153 Myrtaceae Syzygium oleosum F153 Myrtaceae Syzygium suborbiculare F153 Myrtaceae continued next page National Carbon Accounting System Technical Report 203 Species Name Family Index No. and Name State of Forest Report NSW Vic Qld WA Tas Tabernaemontana orientalis F216 Apocynaceae Tabernaemontana pandacaqui F216 Apocynaceae Tapeinosperma pseudojambosa F127 Myrsinaceae Tarenna dallachyana F252 Rubiaceae Tasmannia insipida F047 Winteraceae Tasmannia lanceolata F047 Winteraceae Terminalia canescens F157 Combretaceae Terminalia catappa F157 Combretaceae Terminalia hadleyana F157 Combretaceae Terminalia muelleri F157 Combretaceae Terminalia oblongata F157 Combretaceae Terminalia platyphylla F157 Combretaceae Terminalia platyptera F157 Combretaceae Terminalia sericocarpa F157 Combretaceae Thespesia populneoides F107 Malvaceae Timonius timon F252 Rubiaceae Toona ciliata F193 Meliaceae Trema orientalis F074 Ulmaceae Trema tomentosa F074 Ulmaceae Tristaniopsis collina F153 Myrtaceae Tristaniopsis laurina F153 Myrtaceae Trochocarpa laurina F123 Epacridaceae Turraea pubescens F193 Meliaceae Vavaea amicorum F193 Meliaceae Ventilago viminalis F180 Rhamnaceae Verticordia cunninghamii F153 Myrtaceae Viminaria juncea F146 Fabaceae Vitex acuminata F229 Verbenaceae Vitex glabrata F229 Verbenaceae Vitex trifolia F229 Verbenaceae Waterhousia floribunda F153 Myrtaceae Wilkiea huegeliana F054 Monimiaceae Wrightia saligna F216 Apocynaceae Xanthophyllum octandrum F204 Xanthophyllaceae Xanthostemon chrysanthus F153 Myrtaceae Xanthostemon paradoxus F153 Myrtaceae Xylocarpus granatum F193 Meliaceae Xylocarpus moluccensis F193 Meliaceae Xylomelum angustifolium F161 Proteaceae Xylomelum cunninghamii F161 Proteaceae Australian Greenhouse Office 204 Tables 2 to 6 indicate: 1. Species harvested each year in State Forests; and 2. Relative proportion of that species to the total harvest. Distribution maps for the top 10 species harvested in Australia are provided in Appendix 3. Maps are provided for underlined species in Table 1. 3.2 Commercial hardwood plantations There have been several reports of statistics for plantations in Australia. These include - 1. National Plantation Inventory of Australia. 1997. 2. Australia’s State of the Forest Report. 1998. 3. National Plantation Inventory. March 2000. There are some deficiencies in these reports due to difficulties in accessing accurate data. The area of hardwood plantations is currently estimated at 389,028 ha (BRS March 2000). The breakdown by States is shown in Table 7. National Carbon Accounting System Technical Report 205 Species Name Family Index No. and Name State of Forest Report NSW Vic Qld WA Tas Xylomelum pyriforme F161 Proteaceae Zanthoxylum brachacanthum F195 Rutaceae Zieria arborescens F195 Rutaceae Table 2. Indigenous hardwood and Callitris timber species commonly harvested in NSW including volumes and proportion of the total harvest for 1998/99. Species Volume (m 3 ) Proportion of total sales Eucalyptus pilularis 142,643 18.25% Callitris glaucophylla 100,879 12.91% E. maculata 80,674 10.32% E. grandis 34,363 4.40% E. saligna 29,823 3.82% E. obliqua 28,850 3.69% E. camaldulensis 27,387 3.50% E. laevopinea 23,358 2.99% E. muellerana 21,610 2.76% E. fastigata 20,256 2.59% E. andrewsii 19,456 2.49% Ironbark (many species) 18,281 2.34% E. microcorys 17,188 2.20% E. delegatensis 14,223 1.82% E. sieberi 11,014 1.41% Tristania conferta 9,853 1.26% Other species 114,508 14.65% E. acmeniodes 9,523 1.22% Syncarpia glomulifera 6,226 0.80% Diehard Stringybark 6,142 0.79% Grey Gum 5,827 0.75% Red Mahogany 5,548 0.71% Manna Gum 5,247 0.67% Grey Box 4,390 0.56% White Stringybark 4,034 0.52% Other minor species 20,183 2.6% Total 781,574 100 Australian Greenhouse Office 206 Table 3. Indigenous hardwood timber species harvested in WA from state forests and private property Species Log production Proportion Crown land Private property m 3 m 3 m 3 tonnes Sawlog timber E. marginata 349,968 459,124 136 179 60% (sawlog) E. diversicolor 226,098 279,581 38% (sawlog) Corymbia calophylla 10,268 12,741 1.6% (sawlog) E. patens 1,065 1,392 E. wandoo 467 615 Allocasuarina fraseriana 1550 1550 Other 158 197 Totals 589,574 755,200 Other log material (native hardwood) Chip logs C. calophylla 317,544 391,044 61% (chips) E. diversicolor 197,000 236,000 39% (chips) Total chipwood 514,628 628,250 Industrial wood 1,962 2,421 Firewood charcoal 116,181 124,518 Other Total 2,326,463 2,892,633 136 179 National Carbon Accounting System Technical Report 207 Table 4. Indigenous hardwood timber species harvested from State Forests in Victoria Sawlog Species Common name Gross Volume (m 3 ) Proportion Acacia dealbata Silver Wattle 475.89 Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood 2,001.61 0.2% (sawlog) Eucalyptus - not specified - Box/Ironbark 546.21 Eucalyptus - not specified - Other species 110,768.10 12% Eucalyptus baxteri Brown Stringybark 366.64 Eucalyptus botryoides Southern Mahogany 1,785.54 Eucalyptus camaldulensis Red Gum 9,948.86 1% Eucalyptus cypellocarpa Mountain Grey Gum 30,100.39 3.2% Eucalyptus delegatensis Alpine Ash 167,705.60 18% Eucalyptus fastigata Cut-tail 68,965.61 7.4% Eucalyptus globulus Blue Gum 3,910.68 Eucalyptus muelleriana Yellow Stringybark 6,900.79 Eucalyptus nitens Shining Gum 22,456.81 2.4% Eucalyptus obliqua Messmate 174,836.97 19% Eucalyptus regnans Mountain Ash 247,779.22 27% Eucalyptus sideroxylon Red Ironbark 350.08 Eucalyptus sieberi Silvertop 55,295.19 6% Eucalyptus viminalis Manna Gum 17,725.32 2% Total 921,919 100% Pulpwood Eucalyptus - not specified - Ash (unspecified) 355,401.48 80% Eucalyptus - not specified - Other species 88,123.97 20% Total 443,524 100% Residual log and thinnings (really pulpwood) - unspecified - - unspecified - 273,824.08 28.5% (residual logs and thinnings) Acacia dealbata Silver Wattle 1,622.17 Eucalyptus - not specified - Box/Ironbark 524.73 Eucalyptus - not specified - Other species 288,401.56 30% Eucalyptus camaldulensis Red Gum 1,027.25 Eucalyptus delegatensis Alpine Ash 148,347.85 15.5% Eucalyptus fastigata Cut-tail 525.25 Eucalyptus obliqua Messmate 2,805.80 Eucalyptus regnans Mountain Ash 240,451.76 25% Eucalyptus sideroxylon Red Ironbark 113.31 Eucalyptus sieberi Silvertop 278.65 Eucalyptus viminalis Manna Gum 160.46 Total 958,082.87 100% Australian Greenhouse Office 208 Table 5 Indigenous hardwood/softwood timber species harvested from State Forests in Tasmania in 1998/99. (Information from Mr Michael Wood 5 .) Type Species Approx percentage Total volume (tonnes) Proportion Pulpwood E.obliqua 50-70% 50-70% E. regnans 5% 5% E. delegatensis 5-10% 5-10% E. globulus minor E. viminalis minor E. dalrypleana minor E. sieberi minor E. amydalina minor Including other species 2,300,000 Sawlogs Tasmanian oak (1) E.obliqua 70% 70% (of Tasmanian oaks) Tasmanian oak (2) E. regnans 10-15% 10-15% Tasmanian oak (3) E. delegatensis 15-20% 15-20% Construction 6 (10% of sawlogs) E. globulus E. sieberi Including other species (5-10 other species) Specialty Sassafras Minor (1% of sawlogs) Huon Celery top Including other species Total 380,000 National Carbon Accounting System Technical Report 209 5 Forestry Tasmania, Hobart, (Wood Harvest Statistics). 6 Construction grade is a category for those species that cannot be easily kiln dried like the three Tasmanian oak species. Table 6a. Indigenous timber species harvested from State Forests in Queensland in 1998/99. Includes Hardwoods and Callitris. (Information from Mr C. Bragg 7 ) Species Importance Percentage Volumes Callitris glaucophylla Major 85-90% Corymbia maculata, variegata, citriodora (all spotted gums) Major E. pilularis Major E. tereticornis Minor E. cloeziana Minor E. siderophloia Minor Etc (approx 15 other species) Minor Table. 6b. Sawlog yields from crown forests in Queensland from 1 July 1999 – 30 June 2000 SPECIES CODE TRADE NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME VOLUME (m 3 ) BBT Blackbutt E. pilularis 8 43,188.01 BBW Brown bloodwood E. trachyphloia 550.444 BBX Brush box Tristania conferta 1,078.83 BLW Blush walnut Beilschmiedia obtusiflora 0.792 BRI Broad-leaved red ironbark E. fibrosa 6,315.06 CBN Carbeen E. tessellaris 75.144 CBX Coowarra box E. cambageana 0.573 CKI Cooktown ironwood Erythrophleum chlorostachys 112.045 CP- Cypress pine Callitris glaucophylla 8 134,691.53 DSK Darwin stringybark E. tetrodonta 111.322 FBX Fuzzy box E. conica 0.287 FRG Forest red gum E. tereticornis 8,482.15 GBX Grey box E. moluccana 2,833.86 GMS Gympie messmate E. cloeziana 3,223.33 GRG Grey gum E. propinqua 1,693.11 GRI Grey ironbark E. paniculata 8 12,225.43 GTB Gum-topped bloodwood ? 6.427 GTI Gum-topped ironbark E. decorticans 60.655 MBW Melville Island bloodwood E. nesophila 13.145 MRI Red ironbark E. sideroxylon 16.099 Australian Greenhouse Office 210 7 Qld Department of Primary Industries, Foresty. Helped on Wood Harvest Statistics. Chris Bragg is currently extracting volume data for 1998/99. 8 Species with volumes > 10,000 m 3 . SPECIES CODE TRADE NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME VOLUME (m 3 ) NEB New England blackbutt E. andrewsii 68.961 NRG Narrow-leaved red gum ? 9.528 NRI Narrow-leaved red ironbark E. crebra 6,386.11 QPM Queensland peppermint E. exserta 8.384 RBW Red bloodwood E. intermedia 340.685 RMY Red mahogany E. resinifera 5,565.52 RSG Rose gum E. grandis 1,531.59 SBG Sydney blue gum E. saligna 22.536 SCG Scribbly gum E. sclerophylla? 2.69 SPG Spotted gum Corymbia maculata 8 etc 195,959.28 TRP Turpentine Syncarpia glomulifera 981.162 TWD Tallowwood E. microcorys 3,493.42 WMY White mahogany E. acmenoides 3,586.64 WSK White stringybark E. nigra (includes E. phaeotricha) 8,001.12 WSR White siris ? 4.276 YBW Yellow boxwood ? 2.563 YLJ Yellowjacket E. peltata 0.798 * Data from 01/07/1999 to 30/06/2000 Table 7. Areas planted to hardwood plantations by State (data from BRS, March 2000) State Area (ha) NSW 44,451 ACT 194 VIC 65,378 TAS 101,844 QLD 11,182 NT 949 WA 152,800 SA 12,230 Total 389,028 National Carbon Accounting System Technical Report 211 9 National Forest Inventory, Bureau of Rural Resources, Canberra. The main species being cultivated were not provided in the BRS March 2000 report. The most recent assessment of these species was given in the 1997 National Plantation Inventory (Bureau of Resource Sciences - Belinda Allison 9 pers. comm. 2000) when the plantation estate was about 30-50% of the area under hardwood plantations. The 1997 list is out of date but does roughly indicate the main species being planted. Table 8 is an amended extract of this report. Other important eucalypts not recorded on the 1997 list include Corymbia maculata/variegata (NSW), E. camaldulensis and E. astringens (WA). Table 8. Areas planted by tree species up till 1994 and estimates of proportion of species planted in 1994 and 2000 Species Area (ha) Estimate of species Estimate of species proportion (1994) proportion (2000) E. globulus 41,260 49% 70% E. nitens 12,230 13% 15% E. grandis 13,326 8% 5% E. pilularis 8,884 5.6% 5% E. regnans 5,980 3.7% 1% Minor eucalypt species 11,310 Unidentified hardwood species 65,580 10 Total (1994) 158,570 For NSW the main species currently planted (and proportions) are E. pilularis (30%), E. dunnii (30%), C. variegata (30%) and E. grandis (8%). Rob Heathcote 11 pers. comm. 2000. Approximate data only. 4. CONCLUSIONS This report has concentrated on indigenous hardwood species commercially harvested from crown lands. The report also covers the main species being planted in hardwood plantations today. Most States appear to have good statistics for the main species harvested. Information available on the minor species being harvested is less well documented in most States. Thought could be given to asking States to collect better and more comparable data on a species basis. This would help in the collection of more consistent data on wood harvest each year in Australia. The report does not include data on tree species removed through clearing on private land. The main problem being that it is difficult to estimate which species are being removed, and the proportion of each species being removed, from any given area. This situation would apply to the large areas currently being cleared in Qld. Nevertheless it is expected that Acacia harpophylla (brigalow) and Eucalyptus populnea feature prominently in these clearing programs. The consultants have made no attempt to estimate average wood densities for forest structural classes or regions of Australia (discussed under Methods). We await advice from AGO on whether we should proceed to assess this data. Spotted gum is a major species being harvested in NSW and Qld. Spotted gums really consist of four closely related species i.e. Corymbia maculata, C. variegata, C. henryi and C. citriodora. One surprise revealed was that on a species basis Callitris glaucophylla was a very important species being harvested in NSW (second) and Qld (first). The reason for this statistic is not clear but may be because the species is easily recognisable and recorded i.e. it does not necessarily mean that the overall cut has increased dramatically in recent years. Australian Greenhouse Office 212 10 Estimated that 70% consists of E. globulus and E. nitens (4:1, E. globulus: E. nitens, 36,000:9,000 respectively). This entry indicates the difficulty in accessing good data. 11 Manager, Hardwood Plantations. State Forests of New South Wales. APPENDIX 3 1. SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MAPS continued Australian Greenhouse Office 214 National Carbon Accounting System Technical Report 215 APPENDIX 3 1. SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MAPS continued Australian Greenhouse Office 216 National Carbon Accounting System Technical Report 217 Australian Greenhouse Office 218 Series 1 Publications 1. Setting the Frame 2. Estimation of Changes in Soil Carbon Due to Changes in Land Use 3. Woody Biomass: Methods for Estimating Change 4. Land Clearing 1970-1990: A Social History 5a. Review of Allometric Relationships for Estimating Woody Biomass for Queensland, the Northern Territory and Western Australia 5b. Review of Allometric Relationships for Estimating Woody Biomass for New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia 6. The Decay of Coarse Woody Debris 7. Carbon Content of Woody Roots: Revised Analysis and a Comparison with Woody Shoot Components (Revision 1) 8. Usage and Lifecycle of Wood Products 9. Land Cover Change: Specification for Remote Sensing Analysis 10. National Carbon Accounting System: Phase 1 Implementation Plan for the 1990 Baseline 11. International Review of the Implementation Plan for the 1990 Baseline (13-15 December 1999) Series 2 Publications 12. Estimation of Pre-Clearing Soil Carbon Conditions 13. Agricultural Land Use and Management Information 14. Sampling, Measurement and Analytical Protocols for Carbon Estimation in Soil, Litter and Coarse Woody Debris 15. Carbon Conversion Factors for Historical Soil Carbon Data 16. Remote Sensing Analysis Of Land Cover Change - Pilot Testing of Techniques 17. Synthesis of Allometrics, Review of Root Biomass and Design of Future Woody Biomass Sampling Strategies 18. Wood Density Phase 1 - State of Knowledge 19. Wood Density Phase 2 - Additional Sampling 20. Change in Soil Carbon Following Afforestation or Reforestation 21. System Design 22. Carbon Contents of Above-Ground Tissues of Forest and Woodland Trees 23. Plant Productivity - Spatial Estimation of Plant Productivity and Classification by Vegetation Type 24. Analysis of Wood Product Accounting Options for the National Carbon Accounting System 25. Review of Unpublished Biomass-Related Information: Western Australia, South Australia, New South Wales and Queensland 26. CAMFor User Manual The National Carbon Accounting System provides a complete accounting and forecasting capability for human-induced sources and sinks of greenhouse gas emissions from Australian land based systems. It will provide a basis for assessing Australia’s progress towards meeting its international emissions commitments. http://www.greenhouse.gov.au Document Outline
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