1 republic of uzbekistan ministry of higher and secondary specialised education

Yevgeny 
Dmitrievich 
Polivanov
(Russian: Евге
́ний Дми́триевич Полива́нов; 
12 March [O.S. 28 February] 1891 – 25 January 
1938) was a Soviet linguist, orientalist and 
polyglot who wrote major works on the 
Chinese, Japanese, Uzbek and Dungan 
languages and on theoretical linguistics and 
poetics. 
He participated in the development of 
writing systems for the peoples of the Soviet 
Union and also designed a cyrillization system 
for Japanese language, which was officially accepted in the Soviet 
Union and is still the standard in modern Russia. He also translated the 
Kyrgyz national Epic of Manas into Russian. Polivanov is credited as 
the scholar who initiated the comparative study of Japanese pitch accent 
across dialects. 
In 1928–1929 he expressed disagreement with Nicholas Marr's 
Japhetic theory, which was promoted by the regime at the time. After 

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this he was blackballed from all scholarly institutions in Moscow and 
Leningrad and until his arrest "was essentially in exile in Central Asia, 
where he accomplished fruitful work on the local languages." 
Alexander 
Khristoforovich 
Vostokov
(born Alexander Woldemar 
Osteneck; 
Russian: 
Алекса́ндр 
Христофо́рович Восто́ков; 27 March 
[O.S. March 16] 1781 – 20 February [O.S. 
8 February] 1864) was one of the first 
Russian philologists. 
He was born into a Baltic German 
family in Arensburg, Governorate of 
Livonia, and studied at the Imperial 
Academy of Arts in Saint Petersburg. As a 
natural son of Baron von Osten-Sacken, he 
received the name Osteneck, which he later chose to render into Russian 
as Vostokov (Ost, the German word for "east," translates to vostok in 
Russian).[1] He liked to experiment with language and, in one of his 
poems, introduced the female name Svetlana, which would gain 
popularity through Vasily Zhukovsky's eponymous ballad. 
During his lifetime, Vostokov was known as a poet and translator, 
but it is his innovative studies of versification and comparative Slavonic 
grammars which proved most influential. In 1815, he joined the staff of 
the Imperial Public Library, where he discovered the most ancient dated 
book written in Slavonic vernacular, the so-called Ostromir Gospel. In 
1841, Vostokov was elected to the Russian Academy of Sciences. 
Vostokov's works on the Church Slavonic language were 
considered a high-water mark of Slavic studies until the appearance of 
Izmail Sreznevsky's comprehensive lexicon in 1893–1903 and garnered 
him the doctorates honoris causa from the Charles University and 
University of Tübingen. 

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