1 republic of uzbekistan ministry of higher and secondary specialised education

 
Synthetic and analytic structure of languages. The problem of 
synthetic and analytic structure of languages can be analyzed in 
various ways: 
1. according to the morphology of languages; 
2. according to syntactical relations; 
3. according to the classification of grammatical means. 
All grammatical means are divided into two types: 
1. Grammatical means expressing grammatical meanings within 
words; 
2. Grammatical means expressing grammatical meanings outside 
words. 
1.Inner fusion, outer fusion, affixation followed by flexion, the 
change of the place of the stress in the word (засыпа’ть-несов. вид , 
засы’пать. сов.вид), suppletive forms (go-went; good-beter, bad-
worse). These are grammatical means expressing grammatical 
meanings inside words and they are called synthetic forms. 

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2.Combination of function ( auxiliary) words with the notional 
ones, the order of words in the sentence, intonation, repetition (orang-
orang:человек-люди in the Indonesian language ) . These are 
grammatical means expressing grammatical meanings outside words, 
they are called analytic forms. 
E. D. Polivanov in 1933 in his book “Grammar of the Russian 
language in comparison with Uzbek” spoke about analytic character of 
the agglutinative affixation in the structure of the Uzbek language. He 
showed the difference between affixation in inflected and agglutinated 
languages. In inflected languages affixation causes changes in the 
phonemic structure of the roots of words. In agglutinated languages 
affixation doesn't cause changes in the phonemic structure of the roots 
of words. In inflected languages changes take place both in roots and 
affixal morphemes. 
Either agglutinated or inflected affixation makes up the type of the 
language. The prevalence of one or another tendency changes the 
character of the word structure in the language. In synthetic inflected 
languages words taken out of sentence preserve their grammatical form. 
They demand 
morphological analysis: окн^o, 
школ^а, 
сара^й, мор^е . 
In analytic languages words taken out of the sentence , in most 
cases, don't preserve their grammatical form. In most cases they don't 
demand morphological analysis. They have only their nominative 
meaning. They acquire grammatical forms only in the structure of the 
sentence. For example, in English the word