1 republic of uzbekistan ministry of higher and secondary specialised education

Professor M.Kh.Alimova

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13 
P
ART 
1
. 
L
ECTURES ON COMPARATIVE
TYPOLOGY OF THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK
LANGUAGES
 
 
1. THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THE LINGUISTIC 
TYPOLOGY 
 
Plan: 
1.
Aim of Linguistic typology. Different approaches to the subject 
2.
Linguistic and non-linguistic typology 
3.
Method of investigation 
4.
Definition of linguistic typology 
5.
Typological classification 
 
Basic concepts of the subject: 
Comparative studies, linguistic typology, private typology, 
universal typology, internal reconstruction, external reconstruction, 
synchronous and diachronic analysis 
 
The language is the important and surprisingly perfect mean of 
mankind's intercourse and exchange of views. The language is the 
system of signs, which has two aspects: the plan of expression and the 
plan of meaning. 
These two aspects of the language make up its structure. 
Analyzing some languages we can easily notice the great similarity 
in their vocabulary and grammar. For example, in Russian, Polish and 
Bulgarian languages we can see many words of the common root. These 
languages belong to one genetic group that is Slavonic languages. 
Language is an important part of human communication and 
exchange of ideas, at the same time,it is a surprisingly perfect tool. 
There are two sides to speech: expression plan and meaning plan. 
Language and speech are not important without each other. 
The adequate similarity we can see in the English and German 
Languages, which also belong to one genetic group, that is the 
Germanic languages. Mentioned languages are called Indo-European 
languages. The Uzbek, Turkic, Azerbaijani, Tatar, Turkmen, Kyrgyz 

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belong to the Turkic group of languages. These languages differ from 
those of Indo-European, both genetically and typologically. 
The linguistic typology investigates not private cases of similarity 
and distinctions in the structures of languages, but only those 
phenomena which have universal character, that is, those which include 
wide circle of similar signs. 
The linguistic typology defines those features, which separate 
languages and those ones, which unite them. 
The term "typology" came from the Greek language. It's origin: 
typos-