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The main characteristic of the Japanese garden is that

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   it is a small version of nature, reflecting the designer's views
   
2. 
   it is designed beside natural rivers, streams, or ponds
   
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   it is regarded as a sacred place and treated accordingly
   
4. 
   it always contains exactly the same elements
   
5. 
   it is usually smaller than a European garden
   

2. 
   Most of the things in a Japanese garden
   

1. 
   are casually positioned, out of the effort to make them seem natural
   
2. 
   are made up of certain kinds of flowers
   
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   are natural rather than artificial
   
4. 
   symbolize something according to Japanese beliefs
   
5. 
   are arrangements of flowers made in a formal way
   

3. 
   It's stated in the passage that
   

1. 
   keeping turtles - symbols of long life - in Japanese garden ponds is very popular
   
2. 
   in most Japanese gardens, you can see cranes, birds representing good luck
   
3. 
   there is usually a tea pavilion in the gardens of the Japanese poets
   
4. 
   the golden chrysanthemum is a flower which can be used only by the Imperial family
   
5. 
   Japanese gardens even contain artificial streams, ponds, and islands
   

126 THE TEMPLE OF BOROBODUR
Somewhere in the centre of Java, close to a huge volcano that sometimes sends out clouds of smoke and fountains of red hot lava and molten rock, a group of experts from all over the world, helped by 700 Indonesian workers, are struggling to save one of the world's most beautiful art treasures: the ancient temple of Borobodur. The history of Borobodur begins many centuries ago at the end of the eighth and the beginning of the ninth century. During that time, over 10,000 labourers worked to create this huge mountain temple with its carved walls, its terraces, and its stupas. But not long after the temple was built, the civilization that built it left the area. For the next 700 years the temple was almost forgotten. Ash from the nearby mountain covered it and thick trees grew over it. It wasn't until 1814 that people became interested in the temple again. It was in that year that the British governor of Java ordered the army to clear away the jungle that covered the temple. For a couple of months the soldiers chopped and dug, carrying away the rubbish and revealing the beauty of the ancient temple once again.

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