According to the passage, backpackers try to avoid carrying a lot of money with them
are usually rough people who do not like modern facilities
are most likely to be found in cities
don't usually carry food with them
are generally well-educated young people
As described in the passage, backpackers are interested in finding temporary jobs in faraway places around the world
staying in the homes of the locals that they have become friends with
seeing unusual places in the world without spending much money
finding the best restaurants in the cities and towns they visit
learning as many foreign languages as possible by staying in different countries
According to the author of the passage, backpackers benefit from encounters with other backpackers
like to travel alone and don't generally talk to the local people
don't take much equipment with them when they travel
are most likely to be mature people
like to explore where no tourists have ever been before
148 GRAFFITI Graffiti originally was the term used for inscriptions, figure drawings, etc., found on the walls of ancient ruins, as in the catacombs of Rome, or at Pompeii. But it has evolved to include any decorations inscribed on rocks or walls that are considered to be vandalism. However, some people consider graffiti - or at least some graffiti - an art form; in this sense, it is usually denoted as urban Aerosol Art.
The practices of graffiti and of considering graffiti as art are generally related to a subculture that rebels against extant societal authorities, or against authority as such.
Graffiti art is considered one of the four elements of hip-hop culture. Although existing previously in primitive form, it wasn't until it achieved popularity in the New York City subway system that it took on an extravagant artistic role. The founder or inspiration is noted as TAKI 183, a teenage pizzaboy who would tag his nickname in marker within every subway car that he daily got on. After being showcased in the newspaper, the intricate "tag" was being mimicked by hundreds of urban youths within months. With the innovation of art, and the craving to gain the widest audience, taggers began their work. What developed was a strict adherence to spraypaint, sampling foreign calligraphy, and the much anticipated mural that usually covered an entire subway car. The movement spread to the streets, returned to the railroads - where tagging was popularized by hobos - and eventually spread nationwide, and then worldwide, with the aid of the media and of rap music.
