1. What does destruction refer?

79. Which of the following formulas determine the exponential growth of individuals 
in a population?
A) 
B) 
C) 
D) r= a-b
E) 
80. Three organisms on a food web have arrows pointing away from them and no 
arrows pointing toward them. What can you infer about these organisms?
A) They are producers
B) They are omnivores
C) They are herbivores
D) They are carnivores
E) They are decomposers
81. Environmental safety of the urban ecosystem modelling do not associated with 
... .
A) solid waste disposal
B) increased amount of solid waste generaton
C) the introduction of resource-saving technologies
D) little and no waste technology
E) construction of treatment facilities
82. Which of the following is the one of the theory of the control of ecosystems 
which states that predation and grazing by higher trophic levels on lower trophic 
levels ultimately controls ecosystem function?

---

A) Top down
B) Biomass rate
C) Resilience time
D) Bottom up
E) Net change
83. What is meant by "natural conditions of the territory"?
A) average annual temperatures and average annual rainfall
B) its relief and location close to water areas, forest belts and mountain ranges, the 
presence of reserves
C) a set of natural factors that characterize the territory and allow its normal use in
D) the suitability of the territory for setting up points, parking lots
E) the presence of favorable conditions for the placement of industrial buildings
84. What do spatially explicit models attempt?
A) predict the consequences of changes in environment
B) describe ecosystem structure and dynamics
C) provide early warnings is important for entire river basins
D) develop models that predict how ecosystems respond to changes
E) incorporate a heterogeneous spatial environment into the model