D. a reduced maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP)
E. a reduced maximum ventilatory volume
66. W hat is the immediate goal of treatment for septic shock?
A. Restoration of adequate circulation
B. Improvement of tissue perfusion
C. Administration of broad spectrum antibiotics
D. Relief of metabolic acidosis
E. Improvement of gas exchange
67. T he presence of hypoxemia with a normal A-a gradient usually
implies
A. an acid-base disturbance
B. the presence of a shunt
C. hypoventilation
D. hyperventilation
E. severe ventilation-to-perfusion (V/Q) imbalance
68. A 2700-g 36-week-gestational-age white male is born after 22
hours of premature rupture of the
amniotic membranes. The Apgar scores are 3 and 5. He immediately
develops respiratory
distress and cyanosis requiring endotracheal intubation and
mechanical ventilation with 100%
oxygen. Vital signs are: temperature 35,7C, heart rate
195, and mean blood pressure 22 mm Hg. Laboratory tests reveal a
white blood cell count of
1500 and 59,000 platelets.
The next most appropriate treatment for this child is to administer
A. Surfactant
B. Intravenous antibiotics
C. Intravenous immunoglobulin
D. Intravenous acyclovir
E. Mechanical ventilation
69. W hich one of the following is not true about the development of
acute rheumatic fever?
A. It develops during the acute phase of a group A beta-
hemolytic streptococcal infection of the
throat.
B. It is not associated with streptococcal infection of sites other than
the pharynx.
C. It usually occurs during the course of epidemics of streptococcal
throat infections in crowded
settings.
D. It is far more common in underdeveloped countries than in the
United States.
E. Its lesions involve the heart, joints, skin and nervous system.
70. W hich of the following would be LEAST helpful in the immediate
diagnostic evaluation of an
infant with a neonatal seizure?
A. Brain ultrasound
B. Serum glucose level
C. Cerebral spinal fluid Gram stain
D. Serum calcium level
E. None of the above
71. W hich metabolic problem is common in preterm newborns?
A. á serum Calcium
B. á serum Sodium
C. â serum Glucose
D. á serum phosphates
E. Metabolic alkalosis
72. At the time of birth, which information about the newborn is
necessary for assessing the need for
resuscitation?
A. Is the baby of singleton gestation? Is the amniotic fluid clear? Is
the baby breathing or
crying? Does the baby have a 3-vessel umbilical cord?
B. Is the baby of term gestation? Is the amniotic fluid clear? Is
the baby breathing or crying?
Does the baby have good muscle tone?
C. Is the baby of low birth weight? Is the amniotic fluid clear? Is the
baby breathing or crying?
Is the baby pink? D. Is the baby warm? Is the amniotic fluid clear? Is
the baby breathing or
crying? Is the baby breastfeeding?
73. M icrobiologic studies are useful in evaluating patients with
A. unexplained diarrhea
B. abdominal pain
C. suspected gastrointestinal infections
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
74. Which of the following are often associated with renal transplant
rejection?
A. Increased serum creatinine, increased urine output, increased
tacrolimus concentration,
decreased weight
B. Increased serum creatinine, increased urine output, decreased
cyclosporine concentration,
decreased weight
C. Increased serum creatinine, decreased urine output, increased
cyclosporine concentration,
decreased weight
D. Increased serum creatinine, decreased urine output,
decreased tacrolimus concentration,
increased weight
E. Increased serum creatinine, increased weight
75. Phototherapy effectiveness is based on
A. Radiance energy
B. Level of photooxidation
C. Ability to convert indirect bilirubin into water-soluble forms
D. Answers A,B,C
E. Ability to stimulate glucuroniltransferase
76. All are true about atopic dermatitis except:
A. White dermografizm
B. Itching predominant
C. Lichenoid patches
D. Nail involvement
77. Which intervention IS NOT effective in prevention of vertical HIV-
transmission
A. Breastfeeding
B. Maternal screening for HIV-antibodies
C. Caesarean section
D. Artificial feeding
E. Antiretroviral chemotherapy
78. A 4 year old girl was playing with her toys and suddenly she got
an attack of cough, dyspnea.
Objectively: respiration rate - 45/min, heart rate - 130/min. Percussion
revealed dullness of
percutory sound on the right in the lower parts. Auscultation revealed
diminished breath sounds
with bronchial resonance on the right. X-ray pictue showed
shadowing of the lower part of
lungs on the right. Blood analysis revealed no signs of inflammation.
The child was diagnosed
with foreign body in the right bronchus. What complication caused
such clinical presentations?
A. Emphysema
B. Pneumothorax
C. Atelectasis
D. Bronchitis
E. Pneumonia
79. In contrast to term infants, the following statement is true
regarding physiologic jaundice in the
premature infant in the neonatal period:
A. Has its onset later, reaches its peak later and has slower
resolution
B. Has its onset earlier, peaks earlier and has earlier resolution
C. Has its onset earlier, peaks later and has slower resolution
D. Has its onset later, reaches its peak earlier and has slower
resolution
E. Has its onset earlier, peaks earlier and has faster resolution
80. Sigmoidoscopy permits visualization of the
A. stomach
B. rectum
C. biliary tree
D. pancreas
E. head
81. Which type of condition is directly related to bone marrow
suppression?
A. Sickle cell anemia
B. Megaloblastic anemia
C. Hemolytic anemia
D. Aplastic anemia
E. Iron-deficiency anemia
82. The ―master‖ gland of the endocrine system, located at the base
of the brain, is:
A. Apical gland
B. Bartholin gland
C. Pituitary gland
D. Salivariae majores gland
E. Vestibularis major gland
83. CBC of term infant at the age of 12 hrs who was born after 20 hrs
of membrane rupture:
leukocytes – 14,5 х109/л; eosinophils- 6 %, basophils- 0 %, bands - 5
%, segs - 45 %, lymphocytes - 30 %,
monocytes - 14 %. What is immature-to-total neutrophil ratio in this
baby?
A. 0,33
B. 0,25
C. 0,2
D. 0,1
E. 0,3
84. During the initial stages of positive-pressure ventilation, breaths
should be delivered at a rate of
times per minute.
A. 10 to 20
B. 20 to 40
C. 40 to 60
D. 60 to 80
E. 80 to 100
85. Main etiological factors of pyelonephritis are:
A. Bacteria
B. Viruses
C. Mycoplasma
D. Fungi
E. Aseptic inflammation
86. The preferred noninvasive test to confirm H. pylori eradication is
A. a stool antigen test
B. a whole-blood antibody-detection test
C. a serologic antibody detection test
D. a urea breath test
E. b and c only
87. Pulmonary vascularity is increased in all of the following except:
A. TAPVR (total anomalous pulmonary venous return)
B. Tricuspid atresia
C. TGV (transposition of the great vessels)
D. Hypoplastic left heart
88. One characteristic of atopic dermatitis is:
A. It affects the face more than the rest of the body
B. It can leave pockmarks on the skin
C. It cyckles through periods of flares and remissions
D. It is wors in autumn
E. There is no correct answer
89. W hat structures will be injured more likely in a case of shoulder
dystocia?
A. Intracranial structures
B. Cranial nerves
C. Spinal structures
D. Long bones
E. Hips
90. The most important counseling information to convey to a patient
prescribed an H. pylori
eradication regimen containing ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC) is
A. RBC may cause ringing in the ears
B. RBC may cause your urine to turn orange
C. RBC may cause dry mouth
D. RBC may cause dry skin
E. RBC may cause your stool to turn dark brown or black
91. You are following a patient who is receiving chronic oral
amiodarone. Because of the toxicities
of amiodarone, which of the following tests would you monitor?
A. Chest x-ray
B. Thyroid function tests
C. Liver function tests
D. Ophthalmic examinations
E. All the above
92. Restrictive lung disease is best defined by which of the following
parameters?
A. A reduced diffusion capacity
B. A reduced forced expiratory flow for 1 second (FEV1)
C. A reduced forced vital capacity (FVC)
D. A reduced total lung capacity (TLC)
E. A reduced maximum ventilatory volume (MVV)
93. A normal heart rate (per minute) in a newborn is:
A. 110-160
B. 180-200
C. 160-180
D. 120-140
E. 140-160
94. The child is 3 months olD. An objective examination revealed the
pale skin, increased
sweating, anxiety. During palpation - soft large fontanel and softening
of occipital
bone. What period of ricket describes this examination?
A. Subacute
B. Acute
C. Recurrent
D. Latent
E. Sluggish
95. Secondary pyelonephritis in children most often occurs on the
background of:
A. glomerulonephritis
B. ARVI
C. systemic lupus erythematosus
D. anomalies of the urinary tract
E. tonsillitis
96. Which of the following conditions is LEAST likely to be associated
with neonatal seizures?
A. E. coli meningitis
B. Syndrome of inappropriate diuretic hormone secretion
C. Transient tachypnea of the newborn
D. Umbilical cord prolapsed
E. Intracranial haemorrhage
97. Which test is used to evaluate blood glucose levels over the
previous 2 months?
A. Methemoglobin
B. Hemoglobin A1c
C. Prolactin
D. C-reactive protein
E. Fasting glucose
98. The average incidence of preterm births in Europe is
A. 1-5 %
B. 5-10%
C. 10-15%
D. 15-20%
E. 20-25%
99. A 12 months old baby has fever. Recently, two other family
members had an upper respiratory
tract infection. On examination of the baby you find that his body
temperature is 37.5 degree
celsius and chest auscultation reveals bilateral wheezing. What is the
most likely cause?
A. Acute bronchiolitis
B. Viral croup
C. Bronchial Asthma
D. Pneumonia
E. Foreign body
100. On questioning a mother about her 4-year-old child with asthma,
you discover that he has
allergies to cats and house dust as well as ragweed, the father
smokes in the house, and they
have radiant heat and refrigerated air conditioning. They have a cat,
but it is not allowed in his
bedroom. He has one younger sibling and goes to day care 4 days a
week. He is currently being
treated with two inhalations of fluticasone propionate 44 μg/puff bid
and albuterol as needed,
both using an MDI plus Aerochamber with mouthpiece. She states
that he uses the albuterol
three to four times weekly depending on how active he is and only
awakens about once weekly
with cough. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Going to day care puts him at high risk for developing severe
persistent asthma as an adult
B. He is likely to grow out of his asthma as he gets older as long as
he continues to take his
fluticasone regularly
C. He should limit his outdoor activity during the fall when the
ragweed pollen is at its peak
D. His would likely be able to reduce his medications if his
exposures to smoke, cat dander, and
dust mites were reduced
E. b and c only
101. G eneral approaches for prevention of progression of renal
disease include
A. screening all diabetic patients for microalbuminuria every 2 years
B. initiating beta blockers in normotensive or hypertensive diabetic
patients with persistent
microalbuminuria
C. avoiding use of lipid-lowering agents
D. maintaining blood glucose within or close to the normal range
E. all the above
102. W hich clinical problem is more specific for symmetrical growth-
retarded newborns in comparison with simply preterm infants?
A. Respiratory distress syndrome
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Hypothermia
D. Congenital anomalies
E. Infections
103. A n boy produced only 25 mL of urine in the past 24 hours. The
urologist discovers that lymphatic hypertrophy is the cause. Which
one of the following best describes this patient's acute renal failure?
A. Prerenal oliguric
B. Prerenal anuric
C. Postrenal anuric
D. Postrenal oliguric
E. Intrinsic nonoliguric
104. A topic dermatitis best diagnosed by:
A. Clinical evaluation
B. Patch test
C. IgE level
D. Biopsy
105. W hich of the following is the most common cause of
bronchiolitis?
A. Respiratory syncytial virus
B. Parainfluenza virus
C. Mycoplasma
D. Adenovirus
E. Streptococcus
106. P yoderma gangrenosum occurs in:
A. Ulceretive colitis
B. Crohn’s disease with rectal involvement
C. Amoebic colitis
D. Typhoid
107. W hat are the common findings of IgA nephropathy?
A. Heavy proteinuria
B. White cells
C. Isolated proteinuria
D. Pyuria
E. Gross hematuria post exercise or viral illness
108. T he main cause of the late anaemia of prematurity is…
A. Excess of erythropoietin
B. Deficiency of erythropoietin
C. Iron deficiency
D. Inadequate nutrition
E. Protein deficiency
109. W hat normally occurs during the transition following birth that
allows a baby to get oxygen into the blood stream from the lungs?
A. The blood vessels in the lungs constrict, forcing blood to go
through faster and in greater
quantities.
B. The fluid enters the alveoli from lung tissue, optimizing "liquid
ventilation."
C. The systemic blood pressure is increased when the low-
resistance placental circuit is removed by umbilical cord
clamping.
D. The ductus arteriosus opens widely, allowing increased flow of
blood to the lungs to pick up
oxygen.
110. H odgkin’s Disease the most common histological subtype is:
A. Lymphocytic predominant
B. Mixed cellularity
C. Nodular sclerosis
D. Lymphocyte depletion
E. Monocytic predominant
111. I n the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis,
which of the following is true regarding treatment with ampicillin?
A. Highly effective against penicillinase-producing bacteria
B. Low incidence of gastrointestinal side effects
C. Decreased compliance concerns due to recommended once-daily
dosing
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
112. W hat is the best guideline for staffing the resuscitation team for
a delivery?
A. When resuscitation is anticipated, additional personnel will be
in the delivery room before
birth.
B. Resuscitation personnel may have other responsibilities, such as
assisting the obstetrician.
C. Resuscitation personnel may be "on call" at home as long as they
are available within 15
minutes following
delivery.
D. When twins or triplets are anticipated, an individual should be able
to multitask and care for
all babies without requiring separate teams for each baby.
113. W hich of the following concerning viral pneumonias is correct?
A. With the exception of immunocompromised patients, viruses are a
major cause of pneumonia in adult patients.
B. Influenza virus type B is the most common isolate in the adult
population
C. RSV, parainfluenza, and adenoviruses are common causes of
pneumonia in children
D. All of the above
E. a and b only
114. W hat damage at systemic lupus erythematosus is the most
severe for future
disability and bad outcome?
A. Dermatitis
B. Arthritis
C. Nephritis
D. Poliserositis
E. Vasculitis
115. W hich of the following drugs should be avoided in an anuric
patient?
A. Torsemide
B. Dopamine
C. Fenoldopam
D. Mannitol
E. A and b only
116. A 3 month old child has occiput alopecia, anxious sleep,
excessive sweating. What disease might be suspected?
A. Spasmophilia
B. Anemia
C. Phosphate diabetes
D. Chondrodystrophy
E. Rachitis
117. W hich of the following signs strongly support a diagnosis of
pituitary adenoma?
A. Carpopedal spasm
B. Bitemporal hemianopsia
C. Chvostek’s sign
D. Tremor
E. Clubbing
118. I n providing patient education, which of the following has been
shown to result in reduced
emergency care utilization?
A. Teaching about the pathophysiology of asthma
B. Teaching self-management skills
C. Teaching inhaler technique
D. Teaching about the pharmacology of the drugs
E. Teaching about the asthma control
119. Enlargement of bones of the hands, feet and face due to
overproduction of growth hormone is called:
A. Gigantism
B. Cushing syndrome
C. Acromegaly
D. Polydactyly
E. Addison disease
120. W hich of the following may be used to prevent some
methotrexate toxicities?
A. Vitamin D
B. Calcium supplementation
C. Folic acid
D. Vitamin E
E. Vitamin A
121. T he BEST initial intervention for a newborn who is breathing
well and has an adequate heart rate, but who also has central
cyanosis is to:
A. Give free-flow oxygen
B. Provide tactile stimulation
C. Give positive-pressure ventilation with 100% oxygen
D. Give naloxone
E. All of the above
122. I solated define diastolic heart failure may present as
A. shortness of breath
B. exaggerated increase in blood pressure with exercise
C. exercise intolerance
D. all of the above
E. a and c only
123. A n increased incidence of neonatal pneumonia is noted in
infants:
A. Born to diabetic mothers
B. Following precipitous deliveries
C.After cesarean section
D. Requiring resuscitation at delivery
E. Who are postterm
124. C oordination of sucking-swallowing-breathing is formed at
gestational age of…
A. 29-30 wks.
B. 31-32 wks.
C. 33-34 wks.
D. 35-36 wks.
E. 36-37 wks.
125. I n differentiating haemophilia from vitamin K deficiency, the
most useful laboratory test is
A. PTT
B. Prothrombin time
C. Platelet count
D. Fibrinogen concentration
E. Bleeding time
126. T he classical Sabin tetrad for congenital toxoplasmosis includes
A. Microcephaly, keratoconjunctivitis, skin lesion, heart disease
B. Convulsions, cataract, deafness, heart disease
C. Hydrocephalus, chorioretinitis, convulsions, brain
calcifications
D. Salt and pepper retinopathy, brain calcifications, bone
abnormalities on X-ray, seizures
E. Hydrocephalus, cataract, brain calcifications, heart disease
127. W hich intervention IS NOT effective in prevention of vertical
HIV-transmission
A. Breastfeeding
B. Maternal screening for HIV-antibodies
C. Caesarean section
D. Artificial feeding
E. Antiretroviral chemotherapy
128. A 3-week-old, A-positive, former 40-week-gestational-age infant
was born to an O-positive
mother and developed hyperbilirubinemia requiring 2 days of
phototherapy in the newborn
nursery after birth. The infant appears apathetic and demonstrates
pallor, a grade 2/6 systolic
ejection murmur, and a heart rate of 175. The most likely diagnosis is
A. Anemia of chronic disease
B. Cholestasis secondary to neonatal hepatitis
C. Hereditary spherocytosis
D. Sickle cell anemia haemolytic crisis
E. ABO incompatibility with continued haemolysis
129. W hat are the major effects of exess cortisol?
A. Catabolic + immunosuppression
B. Catabolic + anabolic
C. Anabolic + immunosuppression
D. Catabolic + immune stimulation
E. Anabolic + immune stimulation
130. I n differentiating haemophilia from vitamin K deficiency, the
most useful laboratory test is
A. PTT
B. Prothrombin time
C. Platelet count
D. Fibrinogen concentration
E. Bleeding time Dostları ilə paylaş: |