40% to 50% oxygen to maintain adequate oxygenation. The most
appropriate therapeutic
intervention would be to administer
A. Oral indomethacin
B. Intravenous dexamethasone
C. Intramuscular vitamin E
D. Endotracheal surfactant
E. Intravenous sodium bicarbonate
448. T he Apt test takes advantage of the biochemical fact that
A. Adult hemoglobin is alkali resistant
B. Fetal hemoglobin is alkali resistant
C. Sickle hemoglobin is alkali resistant
D. ABO-sensitized cells are alkali resistant
E. Rh-sensitized cells are alkali resistant
449. T rue regarding Crohn’s disease all except:
A. Cobblestone appearance
B. Transmural infection
C. Skin involvement
D. Sclerema
450. N ewborns who experience secondary apnea usually respond
with an increase in heart rate to
which of the following?
A. Initiation of effective positive-pressure ventilation
B. Chest compressions at rates of 30 per minute
C. Warmth, drying, and stimulation
D. "Free-flow" or "blow-by" oxygen in the vicinity of the face
451. Restrictive lung disease is best defined by which of the following
parameters?
A. A reduced diffusion capacity
B. A reduced forced expiratory flow for 1 second (FEV1)
C. A reduced forced vital capacity (FVC)
D. A reduced total lung capacity (TLC)
E. A reduced maximum ventilatory volume (MVV)
452. A ll of the following pathogens are a likely cause of early-onset
neonatal sepsis EXCEPT
A. Group B streptococcus
B. Listeria monocytogenes
C. Escherichia coli
D. Staphylococcus epidermidis
E. Haemophilus influenza
453. H ow to prevent the late anaemia of prematurity
A.To transfuse packed RBC
B. To administer iron preparations
C.To administer vitamins
D. Effectively treat infections
E. To administer erythropoietin
454. W hat is typical for preterm newborns…
A. Scaled skin
B. Diminished physiological reflexes
C. Increased muscle tone
D. Higher Apgars
E. Decreased nutritional needs
455. A person with type AB blood group would have -– antigens on
red blood cells, and ---
antibodies carried in the plasma:
A. A and B; neither anti-A nor anti-B
B. Neither A nor B; both anti-A and anti-B
C. B; anti-A
D. A; anti-B
E. Rh; anti-Rh
456. T o determine the severity of perinatal asphyxia in term
newborns you need to know
A. Apgar score at 5 min and severity of organ injury
B. Degree of metabolic acidosis and stage of HIE
C. Apgar score at 5 min and stage of HIE
D. Stage of HIE and severity of organ injury
E. Apgar score at 1 and 5 min and degree of metabolic acidosis
457. A patient with severe diarrhea and a enterocutaneous fistula is
most likely to become deficient
in
A. thiamine
B. iron
C. zinc
D. essential fatty acids
E. molybdenum
458. What condition will most likely predispose a newborn to the
development of meconium aspiration
syndrome?
A. Intrauterine infection
B. Surfactant deficiency
C. Delayed absorption of fetal lung fluid
D. Gestation of < 34 wks
E. Perinatal asphyxia
459. Which intervention IS NOT effective in prevention of vertical
HIV-transmission
A. Breastfeeding
B. Maternal screening for HIV-antibodies
C. Caesarean section
D. Artificial feeding
E. Antiretroviral chemotherapy
460. The earliest sign of congestive heart failure on a chest X-ray is:
A. Increased heart size.
B. Kerley B lines.
C. Central pulmonary vascular congestion.
D. Pulmonary edema.
E. Pleural effusion
461. What is typical for Duchenne-Erb paralysis?
A. Grasp reflex is absent on the affected side
B. All reflexes are absent on the affected side
C. The affected arm is externally rotated
D. Moro reflex is absent on the affected side
E. The entire arm is flaccid
462. T he deficiency of which coagulation factor is common for
Haemophilia B?
A. V
B. X
C. IX
D. VIII
E. XII
463. The management of hypercalcemia does not include:
A. Hydration
B. Loop diuretics
C. Calcitonin
D. Antioxidants
E. Biphosphonates
464. The most prevalent clinical form of birth trauma is
A. Intracranial injury ?
B. Proximal type of brachial palsy
C. Distal type of brachial palsy
D. Humeral fracture
E. Clavicular fracture
465. W hich of the following has been shown to result in reduced
death and hospitalizations for
patients with asthma?
A. Inhaled corticosteroids
B. Inhaled mucolytics
C. Nedocromil
D. Leukotriene modifiers
E. Salmeterol
466. Enough diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus include:
A. Clinical symptoms + random plasma glucose > 11,1 mmol/l
B. Clinical symptoms + random plasma glucose > 7,7 mmol/l
C. Random plasma glucose>7,7 + glucosuria even in the absence of
clinical symptoms
D. Ketonuria
E. 2 hr plasma glucose after the oral glucose tolerance test > 7,7
mmol/l
467. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy is used to examine
A. the esophagus
B. the stomach
C. the duodenum
D. all of the above
E. a and b only
468. All of the following terms are incorrect, EXCEPT:
A. Acute lymphocytic leukemia
B. Chronic myeloblastic leukemia
C. Chronic lymphoid leukemia
D. Acute myeloproliferative leukemia
E. Chronic myeloid leukemia
469. E valuation and decision making during resuscitation are
primarily based on which combination
of signs?
A. Respiration rate, blood pressure, color
B. Blood pressure, color, heart rate
C. Respiration rate, heart rate, color
D. Respiration rate, blood pressure, heart rate
470. A n organism that commonly causes nosocomial infections in
the newborn is:
A. Klebsiella
B. Neisseria
C. Listeria
D. Streptococcus
E. E. coli
471. A 2700-g 36-week-gestational-age white male is born after 22
hours of premature rupture of the
amniotic membranes. The Apgar scores are 3 and 5. He immediately
develops respiratory
distress and cyanosis requiring endotracheal intubation and
mechanical ventilation with 100%
oxygen. Vital signs are: temperature 35,7C, heart rate 195, and mean
blood pressure 22 mm Hg.
Laboratory tests reveal a white blood cell count of 1500 and 59,000
platelets.
The next most appropriate treatment for this child is to administer
A. Surfactant
B. Intravenous antibiotics
C. Intravenous immunoglobulin
D. Intravenous acyclovir
E. Mechanical ventilation
472. Which of the following factors can predispode you to having
allergy:
A. A family history of allergies
B. Environtment condition
C. Number and type of exposures
D. Emotional factors
E. All of the above
473. Pharmacologic treatment of diastolic heart failure with β-
blockers has been shown to
A. improve symptoms
B. reduce sudden cardiac death
C. prolong survival
D. do all of the above
E. none of the above
474. W hich of the following risk factors is NOT a risk factor for birth
trauma
A. Polyhydramnios
B. Small maternal stature
C. Prolonged or extremely rapid labor
D. Abnormal presentation
E. Foetal macrosomia
475. Recommended protein consumption for very preterm infants is:
A. 0,5-2,0 g/kg/day
B. 2,0-3,5 g/kg/day
C. 3,5-4,5 g/kg/day
D. 4,5-6,0 g/kg/day
E. 6,0-7,0 g/kg/day
476. Monitoring for cyclosporine includes which of the following?
A. Renal function
B. Blood pressure
C. Glucose
D. a and b
E. All of the above
477. A 42-week-gestational-age, 3600-g, breast-fed, white female is
noted to have persistent
hyperbilirubinemia at 2 weeks of age. On physical examination, the
infant has not gained
weight since birth and has decreased tone, an umbilical hernia, and
an anterior
fontanel measuring 4 x 6 cm. The most likely diagnosis is
A. Crigler-Najjar syndrome
B. Gilbert disease
C. Biliary atresia
D. Hypothyroidism
E. Galactosemia
478. The most widely accepted explanation for the onset of preterm
labour is
A. Adrenal cortical suppression
B. Decidual activation and inflammatory cytokines
C. Increased levels of serum oxytocin
D. Premature, idiopathic activation of the normal labour process
E. Incompetency of cervix
479. Community acquired pneumonia is most commonly associated
with
A. Staphylococcus
B. Listeria
C. Legionella
D. Pneumococcus
E. Pseudomonas
480. So called thermo-neutral environment is the environment in
which a newborn baby maintains body’s
temperature with…
A. Metabolic changes
B. Increased oxygen consumption
C. Minimal loss of calories
D. Maximal loss of calories
E. No energetic losses at all
481. In premature infants, routine immunizations should be:
A. Should not be administered during the first year of life
B. Administered according to post-natal (chronological) age
C. Administered according to corrected (post-conceptual) age
D. Administered at a corrected age of two months.
E. Administered at a post-natal age of two months.
482. Insulin shock is characterized by:
A. Severe hypoglycemia caused by an overdose of insulin
B. Severe hyperglycemia
C. Too little insulin in the blood stream
D. An allergic reaction to insulin
E. Resistance to insulin
483. W hat type of cells is needed to diagnose Hodgkin’s
Lymphoma?
A. Purkinje cells
B. Kupffer’s cells
C .Virchow cells
D. Reed-Sternberg cells
E. Langerhans’ cells
484. I n what diseases nephrotic syndrome is absent?
A. Diabetic glomerulosclerosis
B. Renal amyloidosis
C. Acute glomerulonephritis
D. Tubulointerstitial nephritis
E. Chronic glomerulonephritis
485. W hich of the following cause thrombocytopenia?
A. Infectious mononucleosis
B. Aspirin
C. Thrombocytopathy
D. Immune thrombocytopenic pyrpura
E. Hyposplenism
486. W hich of the following trace elements requires additional
supplementation in short bowel
syndrome patients?
A. Zinc
B. Chromium
C. Manganese
D. Iron
E. Copper
487. M onitoring of methotrexate therapy should include which of the
following:
A. complete blood count, AST or ALT, and albumin
B. complete blood count and urinalysis
C. eye examinations every 6 months
D. complete blood count, creatinine, and glucose
E. ultrasonography every 6 month
488. W hich dietary components are needed for DNA synthesis, and
thus greatly influence the
production of red blood cells?
A. Protein
B. Calcium
C. Iron
D. Vitamin B12 and folic acid
E. Zinc
489. The best nutritional product for the babies weighting above 1700
g is…
A. Breast milk
B. Standard formula
C. Special care formula for small infants
D. Breast milk with fortifier
E. D10 solution
490. Periarteritis nodosa was diagnosed in the girl 5 years olD. What
is the main treatment?
A. Diuretics
B. NSAIDs
C. Antibiotics
D. Heparin
E. Antihistamines
491. T he diagnosis for the child described in Question 19 is most
likely
A. pyridoxine deficiency
B. severe scurvy
C. hemorrhagic disease of the newborn
D. child abuse
E. hypervitaminosis A
492. T o determine the severity of perinatal asphyxia in term
newborns you need to know
A. Apgar score at 5 min and severity of organ injury
B. Degree of metabolic acidosis and stage of HIE C. Apgar score at 5
min and stage of HIE
D. Stage of HIE and severity of organ injury
E. Apgar score at 1 and 5 min and degree of metabolic acidosis
493. Which of the following factors should be strongly considered in
determining whether an exchange
transfusion is indicated in a term neonate with a total bilirubin of 350
μmol/l?
A. Age of the neonate (time since birth)
B. Whether the cause is hemolytic or non-hemolytic
C.The presence of other clinical risk factors such as intraventricular
haemorrhage or meningitis
etc.
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
494. Patients who require regular daily prednisone should be
considered for which of the following
to prevent osteoporosis (assuming that they have good bone density
to begin with)?
A. Calcium and vitamin D
B. Estrogen in postmenopausal girl
C. Alendronate
D. Calcitonin
E. a and b above
495. All the lung volumes can be measured by spirometry except
A. tidal volumes
B. inspiratory reserve volume
C. expiratory reserve volume
D. residual volume
E. b and c
496. A 900-g infant of 27weeks' gestational age developed
respiratory distress syndrome and required
endotracheal intubation on the first day of life. At 36 hours of age, the
infant developed
hypotension, bradycardia, cyanosis, and a tense anterior fontanel.
The most appropriate
diagnostic test is
A. Electroencephalography
B. Echocardiography
C. Serum coagulation profile
D. Ultrasonography of the head
E. Complete blood count with platelet determination
497. The BEST initial intervention for a newborn who is breathing well
and has an adequate heart
rate, but who also has central cyanosis is to:
A. Give free-flow oxygen
B. Provide tactile stimulation
C. Give positive-pressure ventilation with 100% oxygen
D. Give naloxone
E. All of the above
498. Antidiuretic hormone is secreted by the:
A. Hypothalamus
B. Posterior lobe of the pituitary
C. Intermediate lobe of the pituitary
D. Anterior lobe of the pituitary
E. Suprarenal glands
499. A patient is scheduled to receive intravenous contrast dye.
Which of the following would be the
most appropriate intravenous solution to infuse into this patient to
prevent acute renal failure?
A. 0.9% sodium chloride
B. 20% albumin
C. 5% dextrose
D. 5% glucose
E. 20% mannitol
500. The incorrect statement on atopic dermatitis is:
A. Disease most often begins in infancy
B. Minotiry of patients have elevated IgE
C. Causative allergens are often determined in patients
D. T-cell function may be impaired
E. White dermografizm is often present
501. W hat treatment method could be used in a newborn with
cephalohematoma?
A. Antibiotics
B. Puncture with blood removal
C. Diuretics
D. Phototherapy
E. Blood transfusion
502. W hich of the following would be the most appropriate therapy
for the treatment of
Mycoplasmapneumonia in a patient with compliance issues and
currently receiving
theophylline?
A. Erythromycin
B. Azithromycin
C. Clindamycin
D. Clarithromycin
E. Ampicillin
503. S evere hypofunction of thyroid gland is known as:
A. Grave’s disease
B. Pheochromocytoma
C. Rickets
D. Myxedema
E. Hypoparathyroidism
504. W hat are the "ABCs of resuscitation"?
A. Apgar, bicarbonate, and chest compressions
B. Assess, blame, and criticize
C. Apnea, blood volume, and care coordination
D. Airway, breathing, and circulation
505. T he most effective approach to prevent vertical transmission of
HIV is to administer…
A. Polyvalent intravenous immunoglobulin to the mother
B. Ganciclovir to the newborn
C. Zidovudine (ZDV) to the mother
D. Zidovudine (ZDV) to the newborn
E. Zidovudine (ZDV) to both mother and newborn
506. A 5-year-old who had six emergency department visits for
asthma in the previous year was seen
at your clinic and begun on albuterol 2.5 mg and cromolyn 20 mg by
home nebulizer four times
daily. A written action plan to begin a 3-day course of prednisone 20
mg for upper respiratory
tract infections and to increase the albuterol to 5 mg every 4-6 hours
as needed is also given. At
the 3-month follow-up visit, the mother is very pleased, reporting that
the child has done
markedly better, has only occasional exercise intolerance during the
day, awakens only two to
three times weekly, and only had one visit to the emergency
department 1 month ago in
association with a "colD. " Appropriate therapy for this child is
A. continued education and review of the action plan for acute
exacerbations with no changes at
this time because the patient is improving
B. continued education and review of the action plan for acute
exacerbations with the addition
of ipratropium 250 μg four times daily for the days with "colds"
C. continued education and review of the action plan for acute
exacerbations with the addition
of sustained-release theophylline twice daily
D. continued education and review of the action plan for acute
exacerbations and switching to
twice-daily budesonide
E. continued education and review of the action plan for acute
exacerbations and switching to
once-daily loratadine
507. A patient is scheduled to receive intravenous contrast dye.
Which of the following would be the
most appropriate intravenous solution to infuse into this patient to
prevent acute renal failure?
A. 0.9% sodium chloride
B. 20% albumin
C. 5% dextrose
D. 5% glucose
E. 20% mannitol
508. T he sum of the four primary lung volumes (tidal volume,
inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory
reserve volume, and residual volume) equals
A. the functional residual capacity (FRC)
B. the vital capacity (VC)
C. the total lung capacity (TLC)
D. the maximum ventilatory volume (MVV)
E. the reduced forced vital capacity (FVC)
509. F irst change in urine which will prove acute hematogenic first
pyelonephritis:
A. Bacteriuria
B. Leukocyturia
C. Proteinuria
D. Haematuria
E. Hyaline casts
510. W hich of the following nonpharmacologic therapies is not
recommended for patients with
diastolic heart failure?
A. isometric exercise
B. judicious fluid restriction
C. moderate sodium restriction
D. low-fat diet
E. all of the above
511. A two day old cyanotic infant with a grade 3/6 ejection systolic
murmur is noted to have
decreased pulmonary vascular markings on chest x-ray and left axis
deviation on EKG. The
most likely diagnosis is:
A. Tetralogy of Fallot
B. Transposition of Great Vessels
C. Truncus Arteriosus
D. Tricuspid Atresia.
512. T he Silverman/Downes score of 5 indicates…
A. Absence of respiratory distress (RD) in a newborn
B. Presence of mild RD in a newborn
C. Presence of moderate RD in a newborn
D. Presence of severe RD in a newborn
E. The need for endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation
513. W hich of the following factors leads to neonatal
hyperbilirubinemia?
A. Shortened neonatal red cell life span
B. Impaired excretion of unconjugated bilirubin
C. Limited conjugation of bilirubin in the liver
D. Increased enterohepatic circulation
E. All of the above
514. A major drawback to the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs in rheumatoid arthritis is
that
A. they may not alter disease progression
B. they can cause decrease in renal function
C. they may be contraindicated in a patient with aspirin
hypersensitivity
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
515. W hich clotting factor is released from damage tissue and
initiates a chain of clotting events?
A. Prothrombin
B. Thrombin
C. Fibrin
D. Tissue thromboplastin
E. Fibrin stabilising factor
516. D rug of choice for Rheumatic fever prophylaxis in penicillin
allergic patient:
A. Erythromycin
B. Clindamycin
C. Vancomycin
D. Gentamycin
517. D uring resuscitation of a newborn, you palpate the umbilical
cord and note 10 beats over a 6-
second perioD. What is the estimated heart rate in this newborn?
A. 60 beats per minute
B. 36 beats per minute
C. 100 beats per minute
D. 120 beats per minute
518. T he most common manifestation of congenital cytomegalovirus Dostları ilə paylaş: |