15-laboratoriya ishi mavzu: cisco packet tracer dasturida port havfsizligini ta`minlash ishdan maqsad
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8-laboratoriya-ishi-cisco-packet-tracer-dasturida-port-havfsizli-fayllar.org- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
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8-laboratoriya-ishi-cisco-packet-tracer-dasturida-port-havfsizli 15-LABORATORIYA ISHI MAVZU: CISCO PACKET TRACER DASTURIDA PORT HAVFSIZLIGINI TA`MINLASH Ishdan maqsad : Cisco Packet Tracer dasturida kommutatorning port havfsizligini funksiyasi bilan tanishish va amaliy kònikmalarga ega bo`lish. Nazariy qism. Port xavfsizligi - Cisco catalyst kommutatorlari tavsifi va ularni sozash Port xavfsizligi Cisco catalyst kommutatorlarida foydalanish kerak bo'lgan xususiyatdir. Ethernet freymlari tugmachadan o'tib , MAC manzil jadvalini ushbu freymlarda ko'rsatilgan yuboruvchi manzilidan foydalanib to'ldiradi . Ushbu jadvalning maksimal hajmi cheklangan, tajovuzkor uchun uni to'ldirish qiyin bo'lgani kabi qiyin emas, tasodifiy qaytish manzillari bilan ko'plab freymlarni yaratadigan maxsus dasturlardan foydalanish kifoya. Nega sizga kerak bo'lishi mumkin? MAC-manzil jadvali to'lib toshgan taqdirda, kommutator markaz vazifasini bajarishi mumkin - ya'ni barcha qabul qilingan kadrlarni barcha portlarga yuborish. Hujumchining keyingi harakati - snaynerni ishga tushirish Bizning switch vahima holatida buyon, barcha kiruvchi paketlarni ko'rish uchun dastur, va tajovuzkor ning portiga bir xil VLAN unga o'tib, barcha paketlari ko'rinadigan bo'ladi tajovuzkor . Bunday vaziyatni oldini olish uchun siz port xavfsizligi barcha kommutatorlarda ishlashiga oldindan e'tibor berishingiz kerak . Ushbu funktsiyaning mohiyati nimada: u yoki bu tarzda har bir port uchun unda paydo bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan MAC-manzillar ro'yxati (yoki raqami) cheklangan, agar portda juda ko'p manzillar ko'rinadigan bo'lsa, u holda port o'chadi. Shunday qilib, ko'rish qiyin emasligi sababli tasodifiy qaytish manzillari bilan freymlarni yaratish g'oyasi tezda muvaffaqiyatsiz bo'ladi. MAC manzillariga cheklovlarni kiritishning ikki yo'li mavjud: 1. Statik - administrator qaysi manzillarga ruxsat berilganligini ro'yxatlashganda 2. Dinamik - ma'mur nechta manzilga ruxsat berilishini aniqlaganda va o'tish tugmasi bilib oladi, qaysi manzilga hozirda ko'rsatilgan port orqali kirish mumkinligini eslab qoladi O'z navbatida, dinamik ravishda o'rganilgan manzillar kommutatorning RAM-da saqlanishi mumkin, bu holda qayta ishga tushirilgandan so'ng "o'rganish" ni takrorlash kerak bo'ladi; yoki konfiguratsiyada - keyin konfiguratsiyani saqlash mumkin va qayta yuklangandan keyin ham manzillar qoladi. Ikkinchi rejim "yopishqoq" ( yopishqoq ) deb nomlanadi ,chunki u portga qanday yopishish kerakligi haqida gapiradi, shundan so'ng "unstick" ularni faqat administrator qilishlari mumkin - qo'lda. Yana bir savol - agar xavfsizlik buzilgan bo'lsa va portga xavfsizlikni sozlashimizga qaraganda ko'proq manzillar kirsa nima qilish kerak ? Ushbu holatdagi o'tish rejimiga uchta rejimdan biri javobgardir: • Himoya qilish - yangi MAC-manzillarga ega bo'lgan ramkalar e'tiborga olinmaydi, qolganlari ham ishlashda davom etmoqda. Rejim yaxshi, chunki port ishlashda davom etmoqda, ammo yomon tomoni shundaki, administrator o'z tarmog'ida bunday g'alati narsalar yuz berayotganini hech qachon bilmaydi • Cheklash - himoya qilish rejimiga o'xshaydi, faqat kommutator SNMP orqali bunday noxush holat yuz berganligi to'g'risida xabar beradi, bundan tashqari, bu haqda syslog- ga ma'lumot yozadi (agar tuzilgan bo'lsa) •
qo'shimcha ravishda port o'chadi. Bu tarmoq xatolariga bardoshlik nuqtai nazaridan unchalik yaxshi emas, lekin biz portni qo'lda yoqmagunimizcha tajovuzkor o'z tarmog'imizni o'rganish bo'yicha tajribalarini davom ettira olmasligini aniq bilamiz . Endi biz butun nazariyani bilamiz, keling, port xavfsizligini sozlashga harakat qilaylik : Switch ichiga kodlarni kiritamiz: Switch>en Switch#config Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]? Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Switch(config)#int range fa0/1-24 Switch(config-if-range)#switchport mode access Switch(config-if-range)#switchport port-security Switch(config-if-range)#switchport port-security mac-address sticky Switch(config-if-range)#switchport port-security violation restrict Switch(config-if-range)#exit Switch(config)#exit Switch# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console Switch# Switch#show port-security Secure Port MaxSecureAddr CurrentAddr SecurityViolation Security Action (Count) (Count) (Count) -------------------------------------------------------------------- Fa0/1 1 1 0 Restrict Fa0/2 1 0 0 Restrict Fa0/3 1 0 0 Restrict Fa0/4 1 0 0 Restrict Fa0/5 1 0 0 Restrict Fa0/6 1 0 0 Restrict Fa0/7 1 0 0 Restrict Fa0/8 1 0 0 Restrict Fa0/9 1 0 0 Restrict Fa0/10 1 0 0 Restrict Fa0/11 1 0 0 Restrict Fa0/12 1 0 0 Restrict Fa0/13 1 0 0 Restrict Fa0/14 1 0 0 Restrict Fa0/15 1 0 0 Restrict Fa0/16 1 0 0 Restrict Fa0/17 1 0 0 Restrict Fa0/18 1 0 0 Restrict Fa0/19 1 0 0 Restrict Fa0/20 1 0 0 Restrict Fa0/21 1 0 0 Restrict Fa0/22 1 0 0 Restrict Fa0/23 1 0 0 Restrict Fa0/24 1 0 0 Restrict ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Switch# Switch# Switch# Switch#show mac-address-table Mac Address Table ------------------------------------------- Vlan Mac Address Type Ports ---- ----------- -------- ----- 1 00e0.b08e.c601 STATIC Fa0/1 Switch#
Switch#conf Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]? Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Switch(config)#int fa0/1 Switch(config-if)#switchport port-security mac-address sticky Switch(config-if)#switchport port-security mac-address sticky 1 00e0.b08e.c601 Total secure mac-addresses on interface FastEthernet0/1 has reached maximum limit. Switch(config-if)#exit Switch(config)#exit Switch# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console Switch# Switch#wr Building configuration... [OK] Switch#show mac-address-table Mac Address Table ------------------------------------------- Vlan Mac Address Type Ports ---- ----------- -------- ----- 1 00e0.b08e.c601 STATIC Fa0/1 Switch# Yüklə 11,24 Kb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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