Planning of speaking and writing tasks
Narrative texts such as stories, recounts and descriptions were identifi ed from textbooks and web
materials. Pictures were usually used as learning materials. Instead of giving guiding questions to
support students, the features and structures of the spoken/written texts were briefl y introduced. In
the pre-writing stage, word web was constructed to build vocabulary. Sentence patterns might be
introduced as well. Students discussed the pictures with partners or groups. They would present their
ideas to the whole class before individual writing. The other students were expected to listen and take
notes where appropriate.
In the while-writing stage, students would focus and organize ideas from the discussion in class
before attempting the writing. Students should be encouraged to take notes of the vocabulary items
and sentence patterns discussed or contributed by classmates in the speaking task. They should make
good use of them in their writing task.
In the post-writing stage, students were expected to peer-correct or self-edit their own writing
piece. The appreciation part was most important. Teachers might choose some writing text or parts
of them to discuss with the class so that students would know what is required for a good piece of
writing. The following table displays the different stages and process of the speaking and writing task.
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