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OLUMBUS
D
AY is a legal federal holi-
day that commemorates the fi rst voyage
of Christopher Columbus, who sailed
west from Spain in 1492 and reached the islands of
present day Bahamas. This region was little known to
Europeans, although it had been explored and inhabited
by Native peoples for over 30,000 years.
Columbus mistakenly thought
that he had found
a new route to
the East, which at the time meant
China, Japan, India, and the In-
dies. So he called the islands the
“West Indies,” and the indigenous
inhabitants “Indians.”
Columbus was not the fi rst Eu-
ropean to set foot on this land—
Scandinavian Vikings, Irish mission-
aries, and others may have been
there as early as 1,000 AD. Nor did
Columbus “discover America” as
many American schoolchildren were
taught. Yet, the fi rst voyage of Co-
lumbus was historically signifi cant for
a number of reasons. It confi rmed that there were rich
lands across the Atlantic Ocean, and it inspired a wave of
exploration and colonization of the Americas—including
land that eventually became the United States. For the
approximately 10 million Indians,
spread throughout the Americas at
the time, the arrival of Columbus
was s ignifi cant in a different way—it
changed the course of their lives, and
eventually led to their near extinction
and the decimation of their cultures.
In the 15th century, European merchants were
looking for a new and shorter trade route to the East,
where they could get spices, gems, gold, and other
“ exotic” goods. The main route was overland, but it
was long and dangerous. Portuguese sailors had ex-
plored an ocean route, sailing down the coast of Africa,
around the Cape of Good Hope, on the southern tip of
Africa, then across the Indian Ocean
to Asia. But this too was a very long
and treacherous journey.
Christopher Columbus (or
Cristóbal Colón, as he called him-
self) was an Italian seaman, living
in Portugal. He believed that Ja-
pan was only 3,000 miles west of
Europe, and China and India were
not far beyond. Educated men of
the time knew that Columbus had
underestimated the size of the At-
lantic Ocean, and the world. Still,
Columbus insisted that by sailing
west, he would fi nd a shorter route
to the East. He would then set up
a major trading port for the exchange of goods be-
tween east and west. All he needed were ships and
money. He asked the kings of Portugal, England, and
France for fi nancial support, but all refused. Colum-
bus was a skilled seaman and nav-
igator, but no one wanted to invest
in such a fool-hearty venture.
Eventually, Columbus con-
vinced Queen Isabella of Spain.
She and King Ferdinand agreed to
all his requests. Finally, on August
P
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PAGE
: Christopher Columbus, an Italian seaman
living in Portugal, convinced Queen Isabella of Spain
to fund his fi rst voyage west across the Atlantic Ocean
in 1492.
A
BOVE
: A monument in Sevilla, Spain is dedicated to
Christopher Columbus, with King Ferdinand on one
side and Queen Isabella on the other.
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bove
: An early map indicates the lands in the region
visited by Christopher Columbus.
3, 1492, he and ninety men set sail from Spain on the
ship, the Santa Maria. Two other ships, the Niña and
the Pinta, accompanied him. They sailed west. Two
long months went by. His men became tired and sick,
and threatened to turn the ships back. Columbus en-