Manhattan Prep - 5 Lb. Book of Gre Practice Problems 1,800 Practice Problems in Book and Online (Manhattan Prep 5 lb Series (2019 Edition))-Manhattan Prep (2019)
(E) CORRECT. If the body mistakes gluten for a harmful pathogen, then it
must be true that the body cannot always recognize harmless substances.
40.
(E). This argument proposes that culture does not influence the process by
which the mind distinguishes colored objects. In support of the conclusion,
the argument notes that all languages with six color terms name the same
colors, as do all languages with three color terms. To weaken the conclusion,
the correct choice will support the counterargument that culture does
influence how the mind distinguishes colored objects. Notice the logical
difference between distinguishing color names and distinguishing colored
objects. For instance, a speaker of English can visually distinguish two
objects with different shades of red, even if he or she cannot easily name the
difference. Some of the wrong answers attempt to confuse these two
processes.
(A) Irrelevant. It may be interesting to observe that no language has more
than 11 basic color terms. However, this observation neither weakens nor
strengthens the argument that culture influences how the mind perceives color
variations.
(B) Irrelevant. In fact, this statement may slightly strengthen the argument: if
every language permits speakers to describe subtle color variations, then it
might be argued that human color perception is independent of language,
since language would then not be “boxing in” the speaker.
(C) Irrelevant. The term red may encompass both red and yellow, but that
doesn’t mean that speakers of the language cannot see the difference between
red and yellow. In the same way, the English word blue covers many shades
that English speakers with normal vision can distinguish (sky blue, royal blue,
etc.).
(D) Strengthens. If speakers of languages without a blue–green distinction
refer to the sky or tree leaves to clarify their meaning, then they obviously see
a difference between the sky and tree leaves. Using the sky or tree leaves as
reference points is no different from using fruit names for colors (e.g., orange,
peach). This evidence reinforces the idea that humans have a common basis
for perceiving colors.