A review on Hybrid Electric Vehicle and simulation on Hybrid Electric Vehicle Drivetrain Abstract

Classification of Hybrid Electric Vehicle

There are three main types of Hybrid Electric Vehicle drivetrains which are Parallel mode, Series mode and Power-split: - Parallel: -The basic Hybrid Electric Vehicle powertrain consists of Electric motor, ICE, Generator, battery, power convertor and transmission. In the Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle the electric motor system and the ICE are arranged parallelly and both combines their power and drives the wheels. And this configuration is more efficient than the series Hybrid Electric Vehicle. It can also give instantaneous power during high performance requirements by electric motor assisting the ICE to build more power. But it requires a complex linkage between the engine and motor shaft to join and give combined power.
Series: - In the series Hybrid Electric Vehicle the engine doesn’t have any mechanical linkage with the wheels, and they don’t have any transmission because the wheels are driven only by the motors. The engine is connected to the generator which generates the electricity then with help of charger it is stored into the battery, then from the battery the controllers supplies the current to the Electric Motor and which drives the wheels. the Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle can run on motor independently when the engine is Shut Off. The efficiency of the vehicle is less than the Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle due more no of components arranged in series Hybrid Electric Vehicle which increases the energy losses.
Power-Split: - Basically it is combination of both the Series and Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle powertrain, the Power- split Hybrid Electric Vehicle power train starts from the engine which produces the power from where it is divided in to two paths where one goes directly to the transmission and drive the wheels like conventional vehicle whereas other goes is connected to the generator which generates electricity and stores in the battery and then later use it to drive the motor which is connected after the transmission directly to the driving shaft. So here both Series and Parallel concept is used for getting the best efficiency of the vehicle according to the driving conditions.
There are also other types of Hybrid Electric Vehicle on basis of power source mainly electric power source such as Full Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Micro-hybrid etc.
Full Hybrid Electric Vehicle: - This kind of EHV can have independent power source like working just on electric propulsion system or ICE or both can work at same time to power the vehicle during high vehicle performance requirement and it electric battery doesn’t required to be charged from external charging plug but the battery gets charged by ICE itself so no external battery charging is required. They can also operate in parallel and series mode also example like “Toyota Prius”. The parallel mode uses both the electric motor and combustion engine at same time to drive the wheels. whereas the series mode means the main power is the ICE and the electric motor will assist the ICE for more performance.