C#
sealed
short
sizeof
stackalloc
static
string
struct
switch
this
throw
true
try
typeof
uint
ulong
unchecked
unsafe
ushort
using
virtual
void
volatile
while
Contextual
Keywords
add
alias
ascending descending dynamic from
get
global
group
into
join
let
orderby
partial
(type)
partial
(method)
remove
select
set
16
C#
5. DATA TYPES
The variables in C#, are categorized into the following types:
Value types
Reference types
Pointer types
Value Type
Value type variables can be assigned a value directly. They are derived from the class
System.ValueType
.
The value types directly contain data. Some examples are
int,
char,
and float
, which
stores numbers, alphabets,
and floating point numbers, respectively. When you
declare an
int
type, the system allocates memory to store the value.
The following table lists the available value types in C# 2010:
Type
Represents
Range
Default
Value
bool
Boolean value
True or False
False
byte
8-bit unsigned integer
0 to 255
0
char
16-bit Unicode character U +0000 to U +ffff
'\0'
decimal
128-bit precise decimal
values
with
28-29
significant digits
(-7.9 x 10
28
to 7.9 x 10
28
) / 10
0
to
28
0.0M
double
64-bit
double-precision
floating point type
(+/-)5.0 x 10
-324
to (+/-)1.7 x 10
308
0.0D
float
32-bit
single-precision
floating point type
-3.4 x 10
38
to + 3.4 x 10
38
0.0F
Int
32-bit signed integer type -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
0
long
64-bit signed integer type
-923,372,036,854,775,808
to
9,223,372,036,854,775,807
0L
sbyte
8-bit signed integer type -128 to 127
0
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C#
short
16-bit signed integer type -32,768 to 32,767
0
uint
32-bit
unsigned integer
type
0 to 4,294,967,295
0
ulong
64-bit unsigned integer
type
0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615
0
ushort
16-bit unsigned integer
type
0 to 65,535
0
To get the exact size of a type or a variable on a particular platform, you can use
the
sizeof
method. The expression
sizeof(type)
yields the storage size of the object
or type in bytes. Following is an example
to get the size of
int
type on any machine:
namespace DataTypeApplication
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("Size of int: {0}", sizeof(int));
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result:
Size of int: 4
Reference Type
The reference types do not contain the actual
data stored in a variable, but they
contain a reference to the variables.
In other words, they refer to a memory location.
Using multiple variables, the
reference types can refer to a memory location. If the data in the memory location
is changed by one of the variables, the other variable automatically reflects this
18
C#
change
in
value.
Example
of
built-in
reference
types
are:
object
,
dynamic,
and
string
.
Object Type
The
Object
Type
is the ultimate base class for all data types in C# Common Type
System (CTS). Object is an alias for System.Object class.
The object types can be
assigned values of any other types, value types, reference types, predefined or user-
defined types. However, before assigning values, it needs type conversion.
When a value type is converted to object type, it is called
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