C#
4. BASIC SYNTAX
C# is an object-oriented programming language. In
Object-Oriented Programming
methodology, a program consists of various objects that interact with each other by
means of actions. The actions that an object may take are called methods. Objects
of the same kind are said to have the same type or, more often, are said to be in the
same class.
For example, let us consider an object Rectangle. It has attributes such as length and
width.
Depending upon the design, it may need ways
for accepting the values of
these attributes, calculating area, and display details.
Let us look at an implementation of a Rectangle class and discuss C# basic syntax:
using System;
namespace RectangleApplication
{
class Rectangle
{
// member variables
double length;
double width;
public void Acceptdetails()
{
length = 4.5;
width = 3.5;
}
public double GetArea()
{
return length * width;
}
public void Display()
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C#
{
Console.WriteLine("Length: {0}", length);
Console.WriteLine("Width: {0}", width);
Console.WriteLine("Area: {0}", GetArea());
}
}
class ExecuteRectangle
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Rectangle r = new Rectangle();
r.Acceptdetails();
r.Display();
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
When the above
code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result:
Length: 4.5
Width: 3.5
Area: 15.75
The
using
The first statement in any C# program is -
using System;
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C#
The
using
keyword is used for including the namespaces in the program. A program
can include multiple
using
statements.
The
class
Keyword
The
class
keyword is used for declaring a class.
Comments in C#
Comments are used for explaining code. Compiler ignores the comment entries. The
multiline comments in C# programs start with /* and terminates with the characters
*/ as shown below:
/* This program demonstrates
The basic syntax of C# programming
Language */
Single-line comments are indicated by the '//' symbol. For example,
}//end class Rectangle
Member Variables
Variables are attributes or data members of a class. They are used for storing data.
In
the preceding program, the
Rectangle
class
has two member variables
named
length
and
width
.
Member Functions
Functions are set of statements that perform a specific task. The member functions
of a class are declared within the class. Our sample class Rectangle contains three
member functions:
AcceptDetails
,
GetArea,
and
Display
.
Instantiating a Class
In the preceding program,
the class
ExecuteRectangle
is
used as a class, which
contains the
Main()
method and instantiates the
Rectangle
class.
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C#
Identifiers
An identifier is a name used to identify a class, variable, function, or any other user-
defined item. The basic rules for naming classes in C# are as follows:
A name must begin with a letter that could be followed by a sequence of letters,
digits (0 - 9), or underscore. The first character in an identifier cannot be a
digit.
It must not contain any embedded space or symbol like ? - +! @ # % ^ & *
( ) [ ] { } . ; : " ' / and \. However, an underscore ( _ ) can be used.
It should not be a C# keyword.
C# Keywords
Keywords are reserved words predefined to the C# compiler. These keywords cannot
be used as identifiers. However, if you want to use these keywords as identifiers, you
may prefix them with the @ character.
In C#, some identifiers have special meaning in context of code, such as get and set,
these are called contextual keywords.
The following table lists the reserved keywords and contextual keywords in C#:
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