Abraham Lincoln

universal belief in the South, not only that the condition of African slavery in their midst, is the best condition

to which the African race has ever been subjected, but that _it has the effect of ennobling both races, the white

and the black_."--_Senator Mason, of Virginia_.

"I declare again, as I did in reply to the Senator from Wisconsin (Mr. Doolittle), that, in my opinion, slavery is

a great moral, social, and political blessing--a blessing to the slave, and a blessing to the master."--_Mr.

Brown, in the Senate, March_ 6, 1860.

"I am a Southern States' Rights man; I am an African slave-trader. I am one of those Southern men who

believe that slavery is right--morally, religiously, socially, and politically." (Applause.) ... "I represent the

African Slave-trade interests of that section. (Applause.) I am proud of the position I occupy in that respect. I

believe the African Slave-trader is a true missionary and a true Christian." (Applause.)--_Mr. Gaulden, a

delegate from First Congressional District of Georgia, in the Charleston Convention, now a supporter of Mr.

Douglas_.

"Ladies and gentlemen, I would gladly speak again, but you see from the tones of my voice that I am unable

to. This has been a happy, a glorious day. I shall never forget it. There is a charm about this beautiful day,

about this sea air, and especially about that peculiar institution of yours--a clam bake. I think you have the

advantage, in that respect, of Southerners. For my own part, I have much more fondness for your clams than I

have for their niggers. But every man to his taste."--Hon _Stephen A. Douglas's Address at Rocky Point, R.I.,

Aug._ 2, 1860.]

[Footnote 41:--It is interesting to observe how two profoundly logical minds, though holding extreme,

opposite views, have deduced this common conclusion. Says Mr. O'Conor, the eminent leader of the New

York Bar, and the counsel for the State of Virginia in the Lemon case, in his speech at Cooper Institute,

December 19th, 1859:

"That is the point to which this great argument must come--Is negro slavery unjust? If it is unjust, it violates

that first rule of human conduct--'Render to every man his due.' If it is unjust, it violates the law of God which

says, 'Love thy neighbor as thyself,' for that requires that we should perpetrate no injustice. Gentlemen, if it

could be maintained that negro slavery was unjust, perhaps I might be prepared--perhaps we all ought to be

prepared--to go with that distinguished man to whom allusion is frequently made, and say, 'There is a higher

law which compels us to trample beneath our feet the Constitution established by our fathers, with all the

blessings it secures to their children.' But I insist--and that is the argument which we must meet, and on which

we must come to a conclusion that shall govern our actions in the future selection of representatives in the

Congress of the United States--insist that negro slavery is not unjust."]

***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ABRAHAM LINCOLN***

******* This file should be named 11728-8.txt or 11728-8.zip *******

This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: http://www.gutenberg.net/1/1/7/2/11728

Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will be renamed.

Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no one owns a United States copyright in

these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission

and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this

Abraham Lincoln

89

---

license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT

GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used

if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies

of this eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as

creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given

away--you may do practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is subject to the

trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.

*** START: FULL LICENSE ***

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR

USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free distribution of electronic works, by using

or distributing this work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project Gutenberg"), you

agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online

at http://gutenberg.net/license).

Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works

1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work, you indicate that you have

read, understand, agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property

(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must

cease using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. If

you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not

agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom

you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or associated in any way with an

electronic work by people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that

you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works even without complying with the full terms of

this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg-tm

electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to Project

Gutenberg-tm electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.

1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation

copyright in the collection of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the

collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual work is in the public domain in the

United States and you are located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying,

distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as all references to

Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of

promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with

the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can

easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full

Project Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you can do with this work.

Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check

the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying,

performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg-tm

work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any country

outside the United States.

Abraham Lincoln

90

---

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access to, the full Project

Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any

work on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" is

associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed:

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may

copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or

online at www.gutenberg.net

1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived from the public domain (does not

contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied

and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or

providing access to a work with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you

must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use

of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted with the permission of the copyright

holder, your use and distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional

terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License

for all works posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm License terms from this work, or any

files containing a part of this work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.

1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic work, or any part of this

electronic work, without prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or

immediate access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg-tm License.

1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or

proprietary form, including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or

distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format

used in the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.net), you

must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a

means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any

alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing, copying or distributing any Project

Gutenberg-tm works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access to or distributing Project

Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided that

- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works

calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the owner

of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the

Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60 days following

each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty

payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at

the address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive

Foundation."

Abraham Lincoln

91

---

- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30

days of receipt that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm License. You must

require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and

discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm works.

- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any money paid for a work or a

replacement copy, if a defect in the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of

receipt of the work.

- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on

different terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from both the

Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm

trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable effort to identify, do copyright

research on, transcribe and proofread public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm collection.

Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored,

may contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors,

a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a

computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment.

1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right of Replacement or

Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the

Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work

under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU

AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF

WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU

AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER

THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT,

CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE

POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a defect in this electronic

work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending

a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a physical

medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you

with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work

electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to receive

the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in

writing without further opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided

to you 'AS-IS,' WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,

INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR

ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of

certain types of damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the state

Abraham Lincoln

92

---

applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation

permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this agreement

shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6. INDEMNITY

- You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the

Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance with this

agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution of Project

Gutenberg-tm electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise

directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any

Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm

work, and (c) any Defect you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm

Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of electronic works in formats readable by the

widest variety of computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the

efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the assistance they need, is critical to reaching

Project Gutenberg-tm's goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will remain freely

available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to

provide a secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. To learn more about

the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections

3 and 4 and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org.

Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation

organized under the laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue

Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is

posted at http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are

tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.

The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers

and employees are scattered throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500

West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, [phone], email [e-mail]. Email contact links and up to

date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official page at http://pglaf.org

For additional contact information: Dr. Gregory B. Newby Chief Executive and Director [e-mail]

Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide spread public support and donations to

carry out its mission of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely

distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated

equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt status

with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating charities and charitable donations in all

50 states of the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable effort,

Abraham Lincoln

93

---

much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in

locations where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or

determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit http://pglaf.org

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we have not met the solicitation

requirements, we know of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states

who approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any statements concerning tax treatment

of donations received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation methods and addresses. Donations are

accepted in a number of other ways including including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To

donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate

Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works.

Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic

works that could be freely shared with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project

Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.

Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as

Public Domain in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily keep eBooks in

compliance with any particular paper edition.

Each eBook is in a subdirectory of the same number as the eBook's eBook number, often in several formats

including plain vanilla ASCII, compressed (zipped), HTML and others.

Corrected EDITIONS of our eBooks replace the old file and take over the old filename and etext number. The

replaced older file is renamed. VERSIONS based on separate sources are treated as new eBooks receiving

new filenames and etext numbers.

Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:

http://www.gutenberg.net

This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, including how to make donations to the

Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe

to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.

EBooks posted prior to November 2003, with eBook numbers BELOW #10000, are filed in directories based

on their release date. If you want to download any of these eBooks directly, rather than using the regular

search system you may utilize the following addresses and just download by the etext year.

http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/etext06

(Or /etext 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00, 99, 98, 97, 96, 95, 94, 93, 92, 92, 91 or 90)

EBooks posted since November 2003, with etext numbers OVER #10000, are filed in a different way. The

year of a release date is no longer part of the directory path. The path is based on the etext number (which is

identical to the filename). The path to the file is made up of single digits corresponding to all but the last digit

in the filename. For example an eBook of filename 10234 would be found at:

Abraham Lincoln

94

---

http://www.gutenberg.net/1/0/2/3/10234

or filename 24689 would be found at: http://www.gutenberg.net/2/4/6/8/24689

An alternative method of locating eBooks: http://www.gutenberg.net/GUTINDEX.ALL

*** END: FULL LICENSE ***

Abraham Lincoln

A free ebook from http://manybooks.net/

Abraham Lincoln

95

---

Document Outline

• Abraham Lincoln