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Adultration
Document Outline - Quality Evaluation of Herbal Medicines: Challenges and Opportunities
- Factors Affecting the Quality of Herbs
- Authentication and Reproducibility of Herbal Ingredients
- Inter/Intra Species Variation in Plants
- Environmental Factors
- Solar Radiation
- Soil Nutrients
- Stress
- Water Stress
- Drought Stress
- Salinity Stress
- Chemical Stress
- Temperature
- Ecological Factors
- Seasonal Variation
- Geographical Location
- Plant Parts Used
- Time of Harvesting
- Post harvesting Factors
- Contaminants in Herbal Ingredients
- Chemical Variation in Medicinal Plants
- Adulterations of Herbal Drugs
- Various Means of Adulterations in Herbal Medicine
- Substitution With Inferior Commercial Varieties
- Adulteration by Artificially Manufactured Substitutes
- Substitution by Exhausted Drugs
- Substitution by Superficially Similar but Cheaper Natural Substances
- Adulteration by Addition of Worthless Heavy Materials
- Addition of Synthetic Principles
- Adulteration With Inferior Drugs
- Harmful Adulterants
- Reasons of Adulteration
- Confusion in Vernacular Names
- Lack of Knowledge About Authentic Sources
- Similarity in Morphology
- Similarity in Color
- Careless Collections
- Other Unknown Reasons
- Deterioration of Herbal Drugs
- Light
- Moisture
- Temperature
- Airic Oxidation
- Bacteria and Molds
- Mites and Nematode Worms
- Insects and Moths
- Coleoptera or Beetles
- Control Measures for Deterioration
- Substitution of Herbs
- Substitution of the Species Belonging to the Same Family
- Substitution of Different Species
- Substitution of Different Parts of the Same Plant
- Substitution Due to Same Action
- Counterfeiting of Herbal Medicine
- Types of Counterfeit Drugs and Their Consequences
- Preventive Measures
- Methods of Detection
- Collection of Herbs
- Methods of Bark Collection
- Felling Method
- Uprooting Method
- Coppicing Method
- Illustrative Examples With Discussion
- Good Agricultural Practices
- Identification and Authentication of Herbs
- Taxonomy of Herbs
- Nomenclature of Medicinal Plants
- Author Names and Synonyms
- Classification Systems
- Herbarium Documentation for Medicinal Herbs
- Voucher Specimen
- Preparation of Herbarium
- Collection of Plant Material
- Pressing and Drying
- Labeling of Specimen
- Storage of Specimens
- References
- Further Reading
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