Part two opens with Hilary A. Heffley’s chapter, “Conquering Nature:
Elements of Early Nineteenth-Century Ethnology in Alexandre Dumas’s
Alexandre Dumas as a French Symbol since 1870
xix
Georges.” By examining the intersection between natural disasters and
sociopolitical turbulence in this nineteenth-century novel set in France’s
colonies, Heffley explores how Dumas’s eponymous hero in Georges
(1843) uses his metropolitan education to dominate dangerous natural
spaces in a justification for French imperialism. In her analysis, she reveals
how Dumas alludes to the dangers of rationalizing nature, from the notion
of a “natural” revolution to the “scientific” justifications of racism and
imperialism.
Virginia Payne Dow’s chapter, “Alexandre Dumas: Hidden within His
Doppelgänger Paradigm,” concludes this section. She argues that Dumas
created narratives involving the doppelgänger motif, which both challenged
the accepted social ideals and spawned a plethora of imitations by critiquing
social stratification and racial discrimination. Given the current influx of
interest in the doppelgänger paradigm within the media, and particularly in
light of rising cultural studies involving race, class, and social stratification,
the two novels explored in this chapter—Dumas’s The Man in the Iron Mask
and Georges—warrant ever-increasing interest due to their discourse in the
inequities of the caste system. Although written in the nineteenth century,
the novels contain thematic elements that continue to plague societies
throughout the world: discrimination, mistreatment, and warped variations
of racism. For Dumas to address the inherent evils within the
marginalization of the subaltern, whether through caste systems or
discrimination, is both relevant and productive.
Notes
1
Pierre Nora, “Introduction: Between Memory and History,” Realms of Memory:
The Construction of the French Past, eds. Pierre Nora and Lawrence Kritzman,
trans. Arthur Goldhammer, vol. I (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996),
xvii.
2
For biographies on Dumas, see: Claude Schopp, Alexandre Dumas: Genius of Life,
trans. A.J. Koch (New York: Franklin Watts, 1988); Daniel Zimmerman, Alexandre
Dumas le Grand, new ed. (Paris: Phébus, 2002).
3
For biographies on Dumas’s father, see: Victor E. R. Wilson, Le Général
Alexandre Dumas: Soldat de la Liberté (Quebec: Les Éditions Quisqueya-Québec,
1977); John G. Gallaher, General Alexandre Dumas: Soldier of the French
Revolution (Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press,
1997); Claude Ribbe, Le Diable Noir: Biographie du général Alexandre Dumas,
père de l’écrivain (Monaco: Éditions Alphée, 2009); Tom Reiss, The Black Count:
Glory, Revolution, Betrayal, and the Real Count of Monte Cristo (New York:
Broadway Books, 2012). For works on Dumas’s family, see: Gilles Henry, Monte-
Cristo ou l’extraordinaire aventure des ancêtres d’Alexandre Dumas (Paris: Perrin,
Introduction
xx
1976); Gilles Henry, Les Dumas, Le secret de Monte Cristo (Paris: France-Empire,
1999); Gilles Henry, Dans les pas des…Dumas. Les mousquetaires de l’aventure:
Normandie, Haïti, Paris (France: OREP Éditions, 2010); W.J. Hemmings,
Alexandre Dumas: The King of Romance (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons,
1979); André Maurois, The Titans: A Three-Generation Biography of the Dumas,
trans. Gerard Hopkins (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1957).
4
See: Eugène de Mirecourt, Fabrique de Romans, Maison Alexandre Dumas et
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