Anonymous

Article 30: [Sovereign powers of the Länder]
Except as otherwise provided or permitted by this Basic Law, the exercise of state
powers and the discharge of state functions is a matter for the Länder.
Article 31: [Supremacy of federal law]
•
National vs subnational laws
Federal law shall take precedence over Land law.
Article 32: [Foreign relations]
1.
Relations with foreign states shall be conducted by the Federation.
2.
Before the conclusion of a treaty affecting the special circumstances of a Land,
that Land shall be consulted in timely fashion.
•
International law
•
Treaty ratification
3.
Insofar as the Länder have power to legislate, they may conclude treaties with
foreign states with the consent of the Federal Government.
•
International law
•
Subsidiary unit government
•
Treaty ratification
Article 33: [Equal citizenship - Public service]
1.
Every German shall have in every Land the same political rights and duties.

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Germany 1949 (rev. 2012)
2.
Every German shall be equally eligible for any public office according to his
aptitude, qualifications and professional achievements.
•
Civil service recruitment
•
Eligibility for first chamber
3.
Neither the enjoyment of civil and political rights, nor eligibility for public office,
nor rights acquired in the public service shall be dependent upon religious
affiliation. No one may be disadvantaged by reason of adherence or
non-adherence to a particular religious denomination or philosophical creed.
•
Equality regardless of creed or belief
•
Equality regardless of religion
•
Freedom of religion
4.
The exercise of sovereign authority on a regular basis shall, as a rule, be
entrusted to members of the public service who stand in a relationship of service
and loyalty defined by public law.
5.
The law governing the public service shall be regulated and developed with due
regard to the traditional principles of the professional civil service.