44. Bissell MJ, Radisky D. Putting tumours in context. Nat Rev Cancer 2001:46–54. [PubMed: 11900251]
45. Weaver VM, Petersen OW, Wang F, Larabell CA, Briand P, Damsky C, Bissell MJ. Reversion of
the malignant phenotype of human breast cells in three-dimensional culture and in vivo integrin
blocking antibody. J Cell Biol 1997:231–45. [PubMed: 9105051]
46. Hendrix MJ, Seftor EA, Seftor RE, Kasemeier-Kulesa J, Kulesa PM, Postovit LM. Reprogramming
metastatic tumour cells with embryonic microenvironments. Nat Rev Cancer 2007:246–55.
[PubMed: 17384580]
47. Maffini MV, Calabro JM, Soto AM, Sonnenschein C. Stromal regulation of neoplastic development:
Age-dependent normalization of neoplastic mammary cells by mammary stroma. Am J Pathol
2005:1405–10. [PubMed: 16251424]
48. McCullough AR, Coleman W, Smith GJ, Grisham JW. Age-dependent induction of hepatic tumor
regression by the tissue microenvironment after transplantation of noplastically transformed rat liver
epithelial cells into the liver. Cancer Res Jan 5;1997 :1807–73. [PubMed: 9135026]
49. Maffini MV, Soto AM, Calabro JM, Ucci AA, Sonnenschein C. The stroma as a crucial target in rat
mammary gland carcinogenesis. J Cell Sci 2004:1495–502. [PubMed: 14996910]
50. Barcellos-Hoff MH, Ravani SA. Irradiated mammary gland stroma promotes the expression of
tumorigenic potential by unirradiated epithelial cells. Cancer Res 2000:1254–60. [PubMed:
10728684]
51. Sternlicht MD, Lochter A, Sympson CJ, Huey B, Rougier JP, Gray JW, Pinkel D, Bissell MJ, Werb
Z. The stromal proteinase MMP3/Stromelysin-1 promotes mammary carcinogenesis. Cell 1999:137–
46. [PubMed: 10428026]
52. Prehn RT. Cancers beget mutations versus mutations beget cancers. Cancer Res 1994:5296–300.
[PubMed: 7923156]
53. Potter JD. Morphogens, morphostasts, microarchitecture and malignancy. Nat Rev Cancer 2007:464–
74. [PubMed: 17522715]
54. Allinen M, Beroukhim R, Cai L, Brennan C, Lahti-Domenici J, Huang H, Porter D, Hu M, Chin L,
Richardson A, Schnitt S, Sellers WR, Polyak K. Molecular characterization of the tumor
microenvironment in breast cancer. Cancer Cell 2004:17–32. [PubMed: 15261139]
55. Weinberg, RA. One renegade cell: how cancer begins. New York: Basic Books; 1998.
56. Kemler R. From cadherins to catenins: cytoplasmic protein interactions and regulation of cell
adhesion. Trends in Genetics 1993:317–21. [PubMed: 8236461]
57. Hough CD, Woods DF, Park S, Bryant PJ. Organizing a functional junctional complex requires
specific domains of the Drosophila MAGUK Discs large. Genes Dev 1997:3242–53. [PubMed:
9389655]
58. Jursnich VA, Fraser SE, Held LI, Ryerse J, Bryant PJ. Defective gap-junctional communication
associated with imaginal disc overgrowth and degneration caused by mutations of the dco gene in
Drosophila. Dev Biol 1990:413–29. [PubMed: 2373260]
59. Wasan HS, Park HS, Liu KC, Mandir NK, Winnett A, Sasieni P, Bodmer WF, Goodlad RA, Wright
NA. APC in the regulation of intestinal crypt fission. J Pathol 1998:246–55. [PubMed: 9771477]
60. Sternlicht MD, Werb Z. How matrix metalloproteinases regulate cell behavior. Annu Rev Cell Dev
Biol 2001:463–516. [PubMed: 11687497]
61. Egeblad M, Werb Z. New functions for the matrix metalloproteinases in cancer progression. Nat Rev
Cancer 2002:161–74. [PubMed: 11990853]
62. Jacob F. Evolution and tinkering. Science 1977:1161–6. [PubMed: 860134]
63. Hull, D. The Philosophy of Biological Science. Englewood Clifts NJ: Prentice Hall; 1974.
64. Humpherys D, Eggan K, Akutsu H, Friedman A, Hochedlinger K, Yanagimachi R, Lander ES, Golub
TR, Jaenisch R. Abnormal gene expression in cloned mice derived from embryonic stem cell and
cumulus cell nuclei. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 2002:12889–94. [PubMed: 12235366]
65. Brisken C, Socolovsky M, Lodish HF, Weinberg R. The signaling domain of the erythropoietin
receptor rescues prolactin receptor-mutant mammary epithelium. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA
2002:14241–5. [PubMed: 12381781]
66. Noble, D. The Music of Life: Biology beyond the Genome. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006.
Sonnenschein and Soto
Page 10
Semin Cancer Biol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 October 1.
NIH-PA Author Manuscript
NIH-PA Author Manuscript
NIH-PA Author Manuscript