T H E R E S U M E
On April, 28th, 1920 bolsheviks have declared creation in Baku the Azerbaijan
Soviet Socialist Republic. All authority has been transferred to Time Revolutionary
Committee. This very day Advice of National Commissioners Azerbaijan SSR has
been created. On May, 4th, 1920 bolsheviks have already seized power in Upper
Garabagh. The red army to the middle of May has taken the Garabagh zone under the
control.
Bolsheviks have started to destroy all old, to exterminate intelligency and
attendants o f religion, figures o f which Azerbaijan army considered as the enemies.
Many have been shot on island Nargin. All this was made as fiduciary from the
Azerbaijan Revolutionary Committee o f Central Committee AK () P, BK and the
Special department of XI Red army which basic kernel was made with Russian and
Armenians.
Arbitrariness of offıcials-communists increased discontent on-sort against the Soviet
mode. Against it Resistance movement amplified. It was shown in nonpayment of
taxes, refusal of supply of parts o f XI Red army by the foodstuffs, etc. production, to
connection to kulak movement o f persons dissatisfıed by a mode and in ets. Forms.
Against the Soviet mode the Garabagh revolt, has begun in the beginning of June,
1920. Soon it has captured all Garabagh. Turkish general Nuru pasha supervised over
revolt. The main force o f revolt were deployed in various places withers of Garabagh
Sheki, Dzhavanshir, Agdam, Baku ipfantry shelfs and two artillery battalions. The
first armed conflict has occured between parts of XI Red army and shelfs of Sheki,
under command Ehsan khan o f Nakhichevan. In it to fıght Ehsan khan of
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Nakhichevan and group of militarians accompanied it have been captured and shot in
staff o f XI Red army. The Garabagh revolt was it is severely suppressed.
All has become history of our people as the events showing its fidelity to ideas
of independence, its readiness to battle for the sake of freedom.
Armenia and after April revolution did not refuse plans to take hold of
primordial territories of Azerbaijan, Nakhichevan, Zangezur, Upper Garabagh and
Sharur-Daralayaz, which else during ADR were considered as "disputable". Armenia
did not leave the claims on Upper Garabagh. It was ready to use any means to
achieve connections of part Upper Garabagh to the territories. Chairman Sovnarkoma
Armenian SSR A.Mjasnikov has made the application in which has declared "Upper
Garabagh the integral component of Armenia". The government of Armenia even has
appointed A.Mravjana the extreme representative in Upper Garabagh. However as a
result of N.Narimanov's categorical protests, it has been withdrawn.
At this time one of the most painful questions for Azerbaijan was the Upper
Garabagh question. In the beginning of 20th Armenians seeing impossibility of
connection o f Primordially Azerbaijan grounds to Armenia have bom discussion of
this question on All Caucasian a level. On plenum of Caucasian bureau RK () n firom
July, 4-5th, 1921 the Garabagh question has been discussed. The Caucasian bureau
has made a decision - considering opinion o f Central Committee RK () n , will keep
Upper Garabagh in structure of Azerbaijan SSR. The item on that the center to define
the city of Shusha has been included in the deçision, to give to it the status o f a wide
autonomy. A main role in this question have played Stalin, Tchitcherin, Orjonikidze
and Kirov. However and this decision the Azerbaijan management and first of all
N.Narimanov, have remained are dissatisfıed. They categorically objected to granting
to Upper Garabagh of an autonomy. Despite of it on June, 27th, 1923 the given
decision has been approved on plenum of South-Caucasian Regional Committee RK
() and at last, under the insisting with Orjonikidze the Azerbaijan Central Electoral
Committee the decision from July, 7th, 1923 has declared creation in structure of
Azerbaijan SSR the Upper Garabagh Autonomous region (UKAU).
485
That basically "had been solved" problem Upper Garabagh, caused in due time
it is a lot of disputes and created intense conditions. Such decision o f a problem
opened for Armenia and its patrons ample opportunities for use of the Garabagh card
in the purposes. Events of the end of XX century have completely confirmed it.
Process of a socialist reorganization of all branches of a national economy has begun
with second half 20th years o f XX century in UKAU. Mainstreams of socialist
reorganizations were - socialist industrialization, collectivization o f country facilities,
cultural construction according to bolshevik ideology, an establishment indivisible
and boundless domination of communist party in a society, strict centralization
planning and management.
Per 1939-1945 has occured new - the Second World war. Being in structure of
the USSR, Azerbaijan and UKAU was attracted in this war, since June, 22nd, 1941.
War has caused the big loss to our economy. From the mobilized 45 thousand
Garabagh citizens have not retumed from front about 22 thousand person. People of
Garabagh courageously battled against fascism, and workers o f rear have rendered
front greater support. 18 person from UKAU have received a rank of the Hero of
Soviet Union. Azerbaijan people had significant merits in a historical victory over the
enemy.
The policy of the Soviet authority on preservation o f the centers of the confiict
between people was continuation of a long-term colonial policy o f imperial Russia. It
was necessary for Moscow for preservation of the dominating position above the
non-russian population. The most intense center from all centers o f the conflict was
in the Upper Garabagh region of Azerbaijan. From time to time the armenians who
have moved here after signing Armenians, the contracts which have moved here after
signing Turkmenchay, acted with the requirement of branch of this territory from
Azerbaijan and its feather-summer residence o f Armenia. The Armenians, dreamed to
create the states "Great Armenia", for achievement o f this contemptible idea used all
methods.
486
In the middle of 40th years under the initiative of the head of the Armenian
lobby in Moscow A.Mikoyana "the Garabagh committee" has been created
underground. In the autumn 1945 the Armenian management has once again lifted a
question on transfer Upper Garabagh to Armenia before the Soviet management. M.J.
Bagirov has agreed with transfer Top Garabagh (excepting area Shushinsky) to
Armenians under condition o f retuming to Azerbaijan territories a feather-given
during the different periods of Armenia and to other next republics. On it Armenians
since that would liquidate "the Armenian territory" between Turkey and the basic part
of Azerbaijan have not gone neither the Soviet management, nor. The center has
understood, that this problem can become accident for all country. Therefore
territorial claims of Armenians have been rejected.
Relative mitigation o f a political climate in empire in 50th years was recovered with
tendencies of national revival in Azerbaijan. Having begun to worry in this occasion
the center, with the purpose of rendering of pressure upon Azerbaijan once again,
now under Anastasa Mikoyan and Michael Suslov's initiative, has lifted a question on
transfer Upper Garabagh of Armenia. Again there was
nojıorpeTa
an antiTurkic
propagation in Armenia. The Azerbaijan pedagogical technical school from Irevan
has been translated in area Khanlar of Azerbaijan. The Azerbaijan branch of the
Armenian pedagogical institute has been closed. The regional newspapers left in
Armenia in the Azerbaijan language, and Irevan Dram Theatre o f name D.
Dzhabbarly
have been closed.
Instead of with that N.Hrushchev, realizing an opportunity o f undesirable
consequences o f revision of territories in the country where constantly decayed up to
30 centers of the national conflict, has solved the problem in favour of Azerbaijan.
1958 during the visit to a tank the Catholicos of all Armenians Vazgen II has
suggested to transfer Upper Garabagh to Armenia, to open in Baku the Armenian
theological seminary, to call in the momings in bells from the Armenian church in
Baku. However has received the negative answer.
487
In the middle of 60th once again once again in Armenia the antiAzerbaijan
movement has begun. In 1956 the 50 anniversary so-called "the Armenian genocide"
has noted been. It has given a new push to oppression o f Azerbaijanians.
Despite of it, in Armenia the antiAzerbaijan movement spread. "The Garabagh
committee" to operate already openly. By means of Moscow and with the connivance
of the Azerbaijan management in Azerbaijan positions the Armenian lobby have
become stronger.
In Upper Garabagh the nationalism went deep, armenians openly superseded
Azerbaijanians from Top Garabagh. In 1967 Khankendi above Azerbaijanians have
used violence, therefore some person it has been killed.
The management o f republic, taking of a position o f the observer, took
measures on strengthening of "friendship of people". The decision of Presidium of
the Supreme body Azerbaijan SSR from May, 7th, 1969 had been confırmed other
decision - from May, 5th, 1938 about transfer of Armenia more than 2 thousand
hectares of the frontier grounds. However led in July, 1969 Geydar Aliev has not
given authority of an opportunity that the given decision has been executed, because
of absence of control and absence o f the help from authorities o f hundred Azerbaijan
villages of mountain areas have fallen into decay and have become empty. While and
UKAU the Armenian villages equiped with modern conveniences, Azerbaijan fell
into decay. It is possible to teil, that in these villages was not under construction any
social objects.
In July, 1969 the management o f republic has been assigned on Geydar Alirza
oqli Aliev. G.Aliev of the first days began to accept drastic measures on
strengthening legality and the law and order, management, on increase o f insistence
to the staff. Ithas begun resolute struggle against corruption.
For G.Alieva's first a management period (with 1969 for 1982) in UKAU was
it is put in operation factories, factories, industrial shops, it is created workplaces.
Shusha, Hankendi have tumed to greater and modem cities. Was it is put in operation
2 miliion kv. Meters o f a floor space, hundreds schools, clubs, libraries, hospitals, rest
488
houses are constructed and ets. Around Hankendi was new microdistricts and so
inhabited files are incorporated. Necessary conditions for effective work of people
have been created.
During stay at Aliev's authority Geydara the Armenian separatists were careful
of the open performances. Economic and cultural development o f region constantly
was in the center o f attention. The care of cultural and economic development Shusha
was shown. In 1973 in Hankendi on the basis of branch of the Azerbaijan
Pedagogical Institute has been opened independent institute. Per 1979 here from
Agdam the railroad line has been lead. In UKAU the area Askeran has been created
new. However Armenians did not leave the malicious intentions. In 1977 there was
resolutely
npeceneHa
an attempt again lifit problem Upper Garabagh.
In the middle of 80th years in economic, political and spiritual spheres of a life
of the Soviet society there was a precritical situation. Rates of growth of manufacture
promptly fell, decreased its efficiency, labour productivity fell. The beiief in
communistic ideology has reeled. In union republics, including Azerbaijan the protest
against plunder ojf riches, violations of the rights, opportunities of national self-
expression spread:
With the purpose of prevention of crash of the country the dominating
Communist party in 1985 has put forward "the concept of acceleration". The line of
"reorganization" has been certain.
On places, including in Azerbaijan, did not accept the inconsistent,
unsystematic and inconsistent policy of the center including "acceleration",
"democratization”, "publicity" and other appeals a new political trick.
"Publicity" and "reorganization" have accelerated crash o f empire.
Moscow various maneuvers aspired to stop inevitable disintegration. Attempts
to distract attention o f the population from more important questions were done. One
o f such destructive factors was kindling hatred to Turkic people, creation muslim-
christian opposition. G.Aliev marked, that Gorbachev especially differed hatred to
moslems, the Turkic world.
489
However the opportunities presented by "reorganization" and "publicity", have
given a push to development o f democratic movement and in Azerbaijan. Being
carefUI of the future strengthening of power of Azerbaijan and the Turkish world as a
whoie, a management of the Soviet empire ignited the center o f the conflict in the
Upper Garabagh Autonomous region.
The publication book of Zory Balayan the "Center" abounding falsifıcations
and insults, and other similar products, even more ignited interethnic break a set. As a
result of efforts pro armenian the adjusted forces in the USSR and the westem press
propaganda campaign against Azerbaijan has begun. The Armenians, got support
inside of the country and in a number o f other countries, have started to act openly
with territorial claims. During this period the Azerbaijan management not only kept
silent, but hid, in the name of false intemationai principles, some acts o f terrorism.
For carrying out during a life of plans on creation o f "Great Armenia" due to
the Azerbaijan grounds, all the nationalist Armenian organizations and committees
Ied by party Dashnaksutun have expanded the activity.
The fırst victims national break a set again there were the Azerbaijanians lived
in Armenia.
In Armenia, from encouragement of the govemment, the secret armed
formations were created, work on deportation o f Azerbaijanians from native places
was conducted. In January, 1988 in Azerbaijan have found a refiıge the fırst groups of
refiıgees from Kafan and areas Megri.
On February, 19th the same year in Yerevan meetings with slogans have been
lead “To clear Armenia from turks!”, “Armenia both to Armenians” and others,
having also the nationalist maintenance. Armenians Upper Garabagh inspired by
these events have started to spend meetings and demonstrations in Stepanakert
(Khankendi).
On February, 24th the Armenians lived in area Askeranskom, have opened flre
on a column of Azerbaijanians, having killed a two and having wounded 19 person.
490
For final exile o f Azerbaijanians from Armenia the occasion was necessary,
than and provocadon has served Sumqait. On February, 28th the fırst E.Grigorjan, the
Armenian on a nickname "pasha", given out for the Azerbaijanian has committed a
crime. It one has killed fıve Armenians. As a result of tragedy 32 persons were lost
(including 6 Azerbaijanians), have been plundered 200 apartments, are bumt tens
public buildings, buses, personal cars.
Armenians have achieved desirable. They have managed to incite public
opinion against Azerbaijanians. After Sumqait events bloody antiTurkic movement
has even more extended.
The Armenian fascists in area Gugarskom of Armenia having adhered to a tree
and having poured over gasoline 14 person, have alive bumt them. 70 children and -
Azerbaijanians in the age of from a year till 14 years from children's home of
Leninakan in Spitak have been alive tired out in a greater pipe where have tightly
made its apertures.
On December, 1 lth, 1988 plane IL-76 onboard which was 78 rescuers hastened
to the aid in areas o f Armenia, on-suffered from earthquake has been lined. The plane
from Yugoslavia,' wrongly accepted for turkish has been lined also flying in a zone of
earthquake.
On August, 8th, 1991 by means of Russian the soldier last Azerbaijan village
in territory Armenian SSR - Nuvedi (area of Megri) has been cleared of the
population.
Thus last stage of exile o f Azerbaijanians from the grounds o f the ancestors
has been completed. From 185 Azerbaijanians of villages in territory of Armenia it
has been expelled 230 thousand Azerbaijanians.
In June, 1988 the Supreme body Armenian SSR has approved the decision of
Advice o f People's Deputies UKAU on connection to Armenia and has expressed on
this consent. In September the Armenian fascists have attacked on Hodzhaly, having
created here bloody evil deed. In Stepanakert houses and machines of Azerbaijanians
491
have been bılrnt. Simultaneously from territory o f Armenia attacks on boundary area
of villages Gubadli of Azerbaijan were made.
In January, 1989 the Presidium o f the Supreme body of the USSR has accepted
the decision "About introduction of the special form o f management in UKAU
Azerbaijan SSR". Under direction of proarmenian the adjusted A.Volski the
Committee of Special Management (KSM) has been created. Actually UKAU it has
been deduced from submission of Azerbaijan. In July, 1989 from Stepanakert all
Azerbaijan population (14 thousand person) has been expelled.
On demand of democratic forces of Azerbaijan on November, 28th, 1989 has
been liquidated KSM.
Because of absence of drastiç measures the Supreme body Armenian SSR on
December, lst has accepted the decision "About association Armenian SSR and
Upper Garabagh". Territorial integrity of Azerbaijan has been roughly broken.
The old control system o f the USSR has collapsed, new has not been created
yet, "reorganization" has generated serious problems. The general crisis which has
declared all empire went deep.
Encouragement with the center of mass deportation o f our compatriots frotn
Armenia, separative aspirations in Upper Garabagh became the reason o f occurrence
of nationaf movement in Azerbaijan. This movement in the beginning had
spontaneous character.
The fırst meeting of the protest has passed on February, 19th, 1988 in Baku.
Other cities and areas also have been captured by a wave of protests. People
demanded from A.Vezirov who is being then the head of republic, to take of more
resolute position conceming to events in Armenia and Upper Garabagh. However
A.Vezirov, being the person irresolute, dependent on Moscow, instead of upholding
before the center of a just cause o f Azerbaijan, its sovereign rights, distracted people
from the decision of fatal problems for it.
News about that Armenians are going to build in a large forest "Topkhana" an
industrial target, has got up all. On November, 15-16th in Baku have passed populous
492
meetings. On November, 17th the spontaneous stage of national movement has
reached the culmination. This day has become history of the country as day of
National Revival. The quantity of participants Miti on the area "Freedom"
("Azadliq") has exceeded a half o f million the person.
From different directions appeals were distributed: "freedom", "sovereignty".
The part o f participants of meeting held a three-coloured flag of the Azerbaijan
Democratic Republic in hands. Participants o f meeting made demands about
suppression o f aggression o f Armenia against Azerbaijan. The govemment, being
carefiıl of growth o f national movement, has entered a curfew in territory of Baku,
Nakhichevan and Gandzha, has deduced tanks on streets. By the morning on
December, 4th armed forces have tumed out from the area of all holding a meeting.
Many have been arrested. Mass actions on the area have forced people to be united.
People again wished to see at authority of Geydar Aliev. Tlıc ruling authority
did not wish even to adjust with it the attitude.
Azerbaijan from flrst days o f declaration of independence built the attitudes
with other states on the basis o f principles o f inviolability o f frontiers, territorial
integrity, the decision o f controversial problems peace by, non-interference to
intemal affairs of other states, aspired to carry out of the Iegal obligations following
from the fınal certifıcate of the Helsinki meeting. At the same time, the authority
could not spend the balanced, considering interests of the large states on Southem
Caucasus the policy, has not got from them support for the duly decision of the
Garabagh problem. Therefore to prevent war it was not possible.
Declaration puppet" the Upper Garabagh Republic " and the loyal attitude to it
of the intemational community has even more urged on appetites of the Armenian
separatists. They have expanded operations. In the end 1991 Russia has concluded
with Armenia "the Friendship treaty, cooperation and mutual safety" which has
created an opportunity for the open arms Russia Armenians National Garabagh.
493
According to the law Supreme Advice " About armed forces of self-defense of
Azerbaijan" on November, 22nd in a front zone were territorial battalions of self-
defense are created.
On October, 9th, 1991 the Supreme body has passed the law" About armed
forces of self-defense of Azerbaijan
Ln militarians, the parts which have generated
on a voluntary basis, there was no sufficient discipline. Skilled militarians was a
little. Some military units went on an occasion at the certain political forces, there
have found to itself a place some destructive elements.
The battalions of self-defense which are not possessed fıghting skills,
necessary arms and ammunition, have been compelled to select defensive tactics and
could not resistto Russian and Armenian armed forces.
In such conditions the Armenian aggressors by means o f Russian have even
more strengthened attacks to villages with the Azerbaijan population. In January,
1992 they had been grasped villages Kerkidzhahan, in February Malybeyli,
Gushchular, there is begun operation on environment Hodzhaly and Shusha.
Operation "Dashalty",lead with the purpose o f liquidation o f a ring of an environment
around Shusha forces o f again created military units, has ended with defeat. Many
fighters were lost, having got on a mine field because of treachery.
As a result o f unequal fight enemy military units have grasped village
Karadagly, have brutally shot about 150 defenders and inhabitants of village, and
corpses have dumped in silage holes. On February, 25th, in 9 one o'clock in the
evening the Armenian armed formations together with Russian 366-th mechanized
shooting polkom, billeted in Hankendi, have attacked on Hodzhaly. One of the most
awful evil deeds XX of a century - Hodzhaly a genocide was made. The management
of republic, having is enough information on a forthcoming attack, has not accepted
measures on prevention of a trouble. Hodzhaly, had 150 defenders, has remained face
to face with the enemy armed up to teeth. The fırst impact of the enemy has fallen to
the airport. 22 defenders under direction o f A lif Gadzhiev have heroically reflected
attacks of the enemy three times. However understanding hopelessness of position,
494
the commander has blown up a control offıce that it has not got to the enemy. In the
subsequent A.Gadzhiev's to fıght heroically was lost. Posthumously to it the rank of
the National Hero o f Azerbaijan has been appropriated. Brave commander Tofık
Huseynov with the fighting comrades reflected numerous attacks of the enemy,
creating that an opportunity for an output of peace inhabitants from an environment.
T.Huseynov who has got in an environment has started up last bullet to itself in a
breast. To it the rank of the National Hero of Azerbaijan has posthumously been
appropriated.
In Hodzhaly to slaughter was lost 613 person, 487 person it has been wounded,
1275 person are taken in a captivity, 6 families have been completely destroyed, the
city has been bumt.
Hodzhaly the tragedy has even more strengthened a political pressure in a
society. On demand o f people, at session of the Supreme body of A.Muttallimov has
submitted to resignation. People trusted, that G.Alieva's arrival to authority can
prevent the further greater tragedies. However the Popular front, using the Garabagh
card, itself wished to come to power. Moscow aspired to retum to authority obedient
to Muttallimov, änd for this purpose using a political tension has expanded here
provocative activity. The purpose was, one - grasping even greater territories to put
independent Azerbaijan on knees. The Armenians who have concentrated to
directions Lachyn and.Shusha enough of technics and military formations, by means
of Russian have gone over to the offensive. In March, 1992 the protege of Russia
R.Gaziev has achieved purpose for a post of Minister of Defence.
Shusha it has been surrounded by enemies. From 1500 fighters of Shusha
garrison there was only 500 person. Mass lay-offs the soldier in holiday before an
enemy attack spoke about R.Gazieva's dirty plans. At night with 7 for May, 8th the
city has undergone to strong artillery bombardment, 6000 enemy soldier and 72 tanks
have moved on city. The military technics and alive force 366-th shelf has rendered
here again "services". In such conditions the Azerbaijan party has deduced combat
material from city. Our soldiers battled on the advanced position, to cost dear lives
495
reflected attacks. However they have appeared are powerless. On May, 9th the city of
Shusha has fallen.
Loss Shusha and withdrawal o f military units from Lachyn has even more
aggravated a political situation. On command of Moscow, supporters o f Muttallimov
at the session of the Supreme body which are taken place on May, 14th, 1992, again
have retumed it to authority. Declared about not constitutionalities o f data wıth-life
PFA, at support of combat material and the armed forces deduced by them from
front, attacked a building of parliament. As a result the building of parliament, the
Presidential palace and other important state objects have been grasped. At session of
parliament from May, 18th Isa Qambarov has been selected by chairman of the
Supreme body.
While to Baku there was a struggle for authority, the enemy using a conciusion
of armed forces from Lachyn on May, 18th occupied it. Between separatists Upper
Garabagh and Armenia direct communication by means of Lachyn a corridor was
formed.
On presidential elections on June, 7th, 1992 chairman PFA Abulfaz Elchibey
has been selected by the President.
During a finding at authority of the block the Popular front of Azerbaijan
Musavat in republic crisis has gone deep economic and political. Existing economic
relations have been broken capacity o f the enterprises has decreased. 1/3 national
incomes it was spent for militaıy needs. The most fertile grounds have passed to the
enemy. War has caused a significant loss to economy.
New administrative mechanisms did not work. Over the economy was
dominated with Confusion. The property was squandered, the currency received from
the goods sold abroad often settled on personal accounts o f banks. Unemployment
promptly grew. Existing miscalculations were, first of all result o f incorrect personnel
selection of govemmental bodies.
Coming to power of incompetent, not having skills of management of people
has dearly managed to Azerbaijan people.
496
According to the Tashkent contract from May, 15th, 1992 about section of
military property of the USSR, Azerbaijan has received the share of arms and an
ammunition. On this basis equipment o f the Azerbaijan army by arms and an
ammunition has rather improved. Has been created aviation shelfs. 25% of armed
forces and means of the Caspian military flotilla have got to Azerbaijan. However
objects and the technics, transferred to us, were in a unsatisfactory condition. The
technics was purposely deduced out of operation, working devices understood and
taken out.
The certain role in development o f armed forces of republic the decree o f the
President published in June, 1992 With a view of management of armed forces from
the uniform center has played was created uniform command of army, intemal armies
and other armed structures. The Azerbaijan National army by means of groups of
police special purpose has cleared a part of occupied territories o f gangsters.
In the summer 1992 the Azerbaijan army as a result Aqdere operations, has
released territory of area Geranboy.
The southem grouping o f the Azerbaijan army has caused to the enemy a significant
loss in the fights gone in Hodzhavend a direction. Successes of the Azerbaijan Army
have disturbed Moscow.
Board PFA Musavat has admitted serious miscalculations in outside of-th the
politician. Was the course o f world pofitics leaned on economic and political interests
of the large states is incorrectly estimated. The open political predilection of the
govemment for Turkey has disturbed not only having interests in region Russia and
Iran, but also the Western countries.
The policy spent conceming was unsuccessful also is central the Asian Turkic
states which have received independence. Because o f all it Azerbaijan has not
received support o f world community, the decision of a problem political by was at a
loss.
Because Azerbaijan has not managed to fınish to world community the truthful
information on occuring events, the Congress o f the USA has accused to strike
497
aggressions Azerbaijan of blockade of Armenia. In October, 1992 the Congress has
approved 907-th amendment to "to the Certificate about protection of freedom",
forbidding rendering assistance to Azerbaijan at the state level.
Under the insisting of a management of republic Russia has disengaged the
armies not as in other former Soviet Republics; with heavy conditions and stage by
stage, and during short time, thus a part o f an arms relying to Azerbaijan has
distributed to belligerent parties. Have got support separatist elements. On the
foreground there was an aspiration to divide Azerbaijan.
The Russian ruling circles have increased the help o f Armenia. In the
Azerbaijan army the military technics was in bad condition. The management of
armed forces did not submit neither to the State Advice o f defense, nor Supreme
commander in chief. It was not conducted the account of arms, larceny and bribery
eveıywhere dominated. Out of time unprepared operations led to defeat, heavy losses
and deviation of armed forces of Azerbaijan.
Wished to seize power by revolution "commanders", in the end 1992 - the
beginning 1993 was deduced with military parts from strategically important
Kelbadzhar and soon and Aqdere. Road of Agdere - Kelbadzhar it has been grasped
by the enemy.
In 1993 the Armenian army together with 128-th motor-shooting shelfs and with
mercenaries (basically cossacks) has passed 7-th armies o f the CIS in counterattack in
a Aqdere direction. The released territories for short term have been again grasped by
the enemy. Russia has even more strengthened provocative work in republic and as a
result treachery the area Kelbadzhar has appeared in very heavy position. In the end
of March Kelbadzhar has been subjected to strong bombardment, both from Armenia,
and from Aqdere. Defense of area has not been organized. Because of a negligence of
a management of republic the population of area in time has not been evacuated. On
April, 3rd, 1993 Kelbadzhar has passed to the enemy. 15 thousand peace inhabitants
were taken prisoner. Some girls, women dumped themselves from a rock to not come
into the hands to the enemy.
498
The Armenian fascists shot on a place not capable old men to work and
children. In Kelbadzhar 144 settlements have been grasped. It has been plundered
more than 500 enterprises, 13 thousand houses, 600 thousand goals of cattle, 5000
horses, etc.
Loss Kelbadzhar has even more aggravated political crisis in the country and
has accelerated falling PFA - Musavat.
Extemal and intemal enemies, seeing weakness and imperfection of authority,
have headed for section of Azerbaijan. The sacred purposes and expectations of
people have not come true. In the country civil disobedience, opposition has begun.
Infmite, anarchy in again created republic have fınished it to a side o f destruction.
The economic crisis, inflation has begun. There were night tums behind bread.
People has been doomed to a life in fear.
Gradually lost a support in broad masses ruling circles, being carefiıl o f growth
of influence o f G.Alieva, aspired to prevent to its creative work in the Nakhichevan
Autonomous republic. Submission of the electric power in Nakhichevan AP has been
stopped, the railway communication o f Baku - Nakhichevan. Around o f Nakhichevan
AP blockade was created. The autonomous republic experienced heavy days. Owing
to indefatigable work of chairman Supreme Meclis Nakhichevan AP G.Alieva was
solved successfully with the vital problems o f region. The credit firom Turkey has
been received. On May, 28th, 1992 bridge "Hope" ("Umud") Sadarak - Diludzhu has
been opened. Attitudes with Iran have been settled also. Owing to the help of the next
states the need for the electric power was partially satisfıed.
Under direction o f the advanced forces of people movement of Rescue has
begun. People feeling all hopes connected approach of the big tragedy with
Geydarom Aliev. On October, 16th, 1992 the group o f representatives of intelligency
(91 person) has addressed to G.Alievu by means o f the newspaper "Cəc" ("Voice").
The desperate request was in circulation expressed to retum to the greater policy
Instead o f using a wide experience and Geydara Aliev's political potential the
govemment planned to make in Nakhichevan revolution and to lead to authority the
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Popular front. The armed groupings o f the Popular front managed to grasp a building
of the Ministry of Intemal Affairs, a television studio, however to them has been
repulsed by people stirred to action on an appeal o f G.Alieva. On June, 24th National
Meclis has transferred presidential powers to chairman of the Supreme body G.Aliev.
Geydar Aliev has appointed S.Gusejnova prime-minister and, strictiy
supervised its activity. Greater efforts for prevention o f danger o f section of territory
of Azerbaijan have been enclosed.
A.Gumbatov in August, 1993, having withdrawn from Fuzuli the zones was its
submission battalions, has declared creation in 7 southem areas "Talish - Mugan
republic", has generated "govemment". G.Aliev has met elders, deputies, and
intelligency of this region, has addressed on TV to its inhabitants. The wave of
spontaneous meetings dared A.Gumbatova and its environment, "TMR" has been
liquidated. The end and to arbitrariness sadvals on northeast borders has been put
In August, 1993 areas Gubadlinsky have been grasped o f Dzhebrail, Fizuli.
People seeing as operated from force are tom to authority, began to rally even more
around of G.Alieva. August, 29th, 1993 the referendum about A.Elchibey's trust has
beea Itad. 97% parxicipatmg in a referendum were stated with mistrust to the
President
On October, 3rd, 1993 Azerbaijan people on an altemative basis with the
overwhelming majority of voices has selected Geydara Aliev the president of the
country.
Nationally selected by President Geydar Aliev in the speech in day of
inauguration has declared the resoluteness to make everything, to strengthen the state
independence, to provide territorial integrity and the sovereignty, to raise a standard
of living of the population. Realization of these problems has been begun with
strengthening the state discipline, legality, law enforcement bodies and army. On
September, 24th, 1993 Azerbaijan was included into the CIS.
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Absence of attention of the previous authorities to problems of military
construction has led to politization of military parts, strengthening of influence on
them o f various forces.
Many evaded from service or deserted. As a result of provocative actions of the
separate military divisions was under influence o f various political forces, also the
area Zangilansky on October, 30th has been occupied.
The decree o f the president from November, lst, 1993 had been created the
State Advice o f Defense. Questions of formation of army, defense have been widely
discussed. Corresponding decisions have been made.
President G.Aliev on November, 2nd, 1993 by radio and TV has addressed to
people o f Azerbaijan and has called it to rise on protection of the Native land. The
appeai o f the President has actuated people. On front the battalions made of
volunteers have been directed. The national help to front spread. As a result of the
announcement of partial mobilization number of armed forces has increased. The
president personally having visited a front zone has familiarized with fıghting spirit
o f army. The national and state help of army has increased.
Increase o f a level of fıghting capacity o f the Azerbaijan army has been taken
under the strict control.
The enemy who has gone over to the offensive on a direction o f Beyleqan, had
in signifıcant losses, has receded. Counterattacks of our army have appeared
successfiıl. Feat to Etibar Ismayilov, rushed with qranat in hands under the enemy
tank to rescue the comrades of the scouts who have got in an ambush near to
Khankendi, became one of nice pages in the annals of heroism o f Azerbaijan people.
E.lsmayilov had posthumously been appropriated a rank of the National Hero of
Azerbaijan.
In the beginning 1994 as a result of offensive operation o f National Army a number
of settlements Dzhebrailskogo and areas Kelbadzharskogo have been released
settlement Goradiz and 22 more villages Fizulinskogo o f area. The certain success in
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fıghts 'm a direction ofroad XeJbadzhar - Lachyn has been reached. !n these fıghts the
Armenian fascists and their mercenaries have had heavy losses, 50 units armored
technics, 15 artillery installations have been destroyed 4 thousand enemy the soldier
and officers.
Strengthening of the Azerbaijan army, rapproachement of republic from NATO
has disturbed ruling circles o f Russia which have increased the military help of
Armenia. Russia in spite of the fact that was one of members of the Minsk group,
created March, 1992, instead o f assistance in the termination of the conflict, has
continued the imperial politics and has offered the draft agreement favourable to
Armenia.
The management of republic.is not has gone on suclı agreement represented
threat to the sovereignty of Azerbaijan. Aggression of Armenia has even more
extended. A number of settlements Agdam and arcas of Ägdere have been occupied.
Armenians have had significant losscs. Our heroic National Army could prevent an
attack of the enemy.
As a result of successfüi foreign policy the annistice on May, 12th, 1994 has
beea reached. The announcement of an armistice was a tactical move to win for
strengthening army.
Thus restoration of independence of Azerbaijan in end XX century was significant
event and became a turning pomt in history o f our people. The Garabagh war has
begun as a result of collision o f interests of the large states, and also territorial claims
of Armenia to Azerbaıjan that has drawn many troubfes upon Azerbaijan peopie. In
this war Azerbaijan has lost over 20 thousand sons and daughters. 20 percent of
territories are grasped by the enemy. More tharv 1 million our compatriots live on the
native land in position of refiıgees.
The returning to G.Aliev's authority has prevented even greater troubles.
Attempts of revolutions in the country were
npeceneHW
ow'ıng to a unification of
people with the president. Our president has informed o f world community of the
reason of involving of Azerbaijan in abyss o f disasters, correctness of its business.
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Our statehood has been kept and developed, Azerbaijan has taken a worthy place in
the world community. A number o f successes in intemal and foreign policy has been
reached. The sovereign rights of Azerbaijan, its territorial integrity have been
confırmed by the intemational organizations. Intemal stability has been reached,
economic recession is prevented. The standard of living has raised, have been
restored and have received the further development national - spiritual wealth.
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