summon
[sAman] v.
To summon a person is to ask them to come to you.
-+ We summoned the doctor as soon as we noticed she was sick.
W o r s e n [warsan] v.
To worsen is to get worse.
-» The weather suddenly worsened, and we had to stay inside.
o'lat
xozirda, xozirgi kunlarda
tasodofiy
isyon
shoshib-pishib yozmoq
ziyoratgoh
yolg'izlik
sezilarli
chaqirmoq
yomonlashmoq
B£\EO’ A Choose the right word for the given definition.
1
. to ask someone to come
a. worsen
c. linger
2
. basic
a. verse
c. avail
b. scribble
d. summon
b. riot
d. fundamental
3. to get bigger
a. expand
c. stark
4. to be afraid
a. dread
c. random
5. not believing
a. solitude
c. incredulous
b. define
d. organism
b. shrine
d. horrifying
b. presently
d. plague
B Choose the right definition for the given word.
1
. plague
a. a violent reaction
c. a disease
2
. solitude
a. being alone
c. afraid
3. define
a. to last a longtime
c. to explain clearly
4. organism
a. a religious building
c. not believing
b. different
d. without reason
b. success
d. right now
b. to get bigger
d. to make easier
b. a living thing
d. to send for
5. horrifying
a. to get worse
c. to write quickly
b. basic
d. very unpleasant
mm
Choose the word that is the better fit for each blank.
1. shrine/riot
There was a ___________ in the city yesterday, but the___________ was not
damaged.
2. paraphrased / defined
For the book report, I
purpose for writing it.
3. expand / presently
There are 15 members in the group
4. avail / solitude
His attempt to catch the train was to no
waiting for the next one.
I tried to.
7. dreaded / horrifying
After seeing that___
We should
10. plague / random
At first we thought
5. fundamental / worsen
The___________ point of my speech was to show that people need to act. If we
don’t do something, things will
6. linger / scribble
the information as fast as I could because I didn’t have time to
plane crash, I
8. incredulous / stark
She was___________that there could be such a
boys’ and girls’ grades.
9. organism / summon
. scientists from around the world to study this new
people were getting sick. Then we realized that a
.was spreading
Thucydides
and
the
Plague
of
Athens
Thucydides was the world’s first historian. Presently, we get most of our knowledge
about ancient Greece from his writing. But Thucydides didn’t just write about history, he
lived through it. However, he almost didn’t survive one historical event: the Plague of
Athens.
In 430 BCE, an army attacked the city of Athens, where Thucydides lived. Thousands
of people hid from the army behind Athens’ large walls. The city became very crowded
as the population expanded. Then a horrifying disease broke out. People summoned
doctors. But it was to no avail because no one understood how the disease spread.
It seemed random. They didn’t know that it was an organism. Instead, they defined
disease as a punishment from their gods. Thucydides was incredulous that gods caused
the plague, but he explained why others believed it. There was an old, long verse which
predicted the disease. To paraphrase it, the verse said the gods would send a disease
during a war. As a result, large crowds gathered at shrines to ask the gods to stop the
plague. But the situation only worsened because these people were so close to each
other they became sick. That’s how they learned a fundamental lesson about the plague:
it spread from person to person.
People wanted to leave the crowded city, but they dreaded what the army outside would
do to them. At this time, Thucydides got sick, too. He quickly scribbled down notes because
he thought he would soon die. His writing shows a stark contrast between people’s behavior
before and during the plague. There were riots, and people ignored laws. They didn’t think
they’d live long enough to be punished. Many sick people were left to die in solitude because
no one wanted to be near them. The plague lingered for two years. But luckily, Thucydides
survived. Without his writing, we would know much less about ancient Greece and the Plague
of Athens.
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