Analysis of Household Crowding


Results National crowding and occupancy rates



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Results

National crowding and occupancy rates

Crowding


Approximately 10 percent of New Zealanders live in crowded conditions. Crowding as a proportion of total people decreased between 1991 and 2013 from 11.8 percent to 10.1 percent. In terms of numerical change, there has been an increase in the number of people living in crowded households. This can be broken into two periods as follows. Between 1991 and 2001, the number of people living in crowded conditions decreased by 31,540. Between 2001 and 2013, the number of people in New Zealand living in crowded conditions increased by 49,950 people.
Table 1a: Crowding in New Zealand, 1991–2013*

Census year

People

Percent crowded (95% CIs)

Change (1991–2013)

Total crowded

Total people

Number

Percent

1991

379,890

3,210,320

11.8 (11.8–11.9)







1996

369,660

3,383,520

10.9 (10.9–11.0)







2001

348,350

3,451,380

10.1 (10.0–10.1)







2006

389,390

3,735,030

10.4 (10.4–10.5)







2013

398,300

3,931,041

10.1 (10.1–10.2)

18,410

4.8

* Household crowding, for usual residents in households, in private dwellings.
Crowding, calculated as a proportion of the population, has decreased significantly since 2006. Even though there is only a small decrease, the large survey sample of the census means that the change is significant (Figure 1).
Figure 1: Proportion of New Zealanders living in crowded conditions, 1991–2013


In terms of numerical change, there are 8910 (2.3%) more people living in crowded households in 2013 than there were in 2006 (Figure 2). In comparison, population growth in the same period was 5 percent; in essence, growth in household crowding is slower than overall population growth.
Figure 2: Population (number) living in crowded conditions, 1991–2013


Across all housing stock, including rental and owner occupied, 5 percent of all stock is crowded. This is a small, but significant decrease from 2006 when 5.2 percent of housing stock was crowded (Table 1b).
Table 1b: Crowded households in New Zealand

Year

Crowded households

Total households

Percent (95% CIs)

2006

71,870

1,390,640

5.2 (5.1–5.2)

2013

74,124

1,471,779

5.0 (5.0–5.1)

Just over half (55%) of all crowded households has at least two or more children, with at least one child aged between 5 and 14 years (Table 1c). This information is important because children in households with at least two children in the household (with at least one child aged between 5 and 14 years) are at higher risk of developing health problems.


Table 1c: Crowding in households with two or more children, where one of the children is aged between 5–14 years*

Crowded households with two or more children (one child aged 5–14 years)

Total crowded households

Percent of total crowded households that had two or more children (one aged 5–14 years)

41,244

74,124

55.6

* 2013 census household crowding, with at least two or more children who usually reside at the household where one of the children is aged between 5 and 14 years for households in private dwellings.
Crowding as a percentage of population has increased in three DHBs; Waitemata (9.4% to 9.6%), Canterbury (5.9% to 6.2%) and South Canterbury (2.9% to 3.4%) (Table 1d). All other DHBs have either decreased or stayed the same. However, the number of people living in crowded conditions increased in eight DHBs, with the largest increases in Counties Manukau (7755), Waitemata (4704), Canterbury (1698), Auckland (1089) and South Canterbury (315). The increases reflect population increases in each DHB, however, the increased crowding in Canterbury and South Canterbury is likely due to housing shortages as a result of the September 2010 and February 2011 Christchurch earthquakes.

Table 1d: Crowding by DHB*



DHB

Numbers crowded




Percent crowded

2006

2013

Change




2006

2013

% change

Northland

15,663

13,956

-1,707




11.9

10.2

-14.3

Waitemata

42,744

47,448

4,704




9.4

9.6

2.1

Auckland

61,047

62,136

1,089




16.5

15.5

-6.1

Counties Manukau

87,522

95,277

7,755




21.9

21.8

-0.5

Waikato

30,486

29,562

-924




9.7

8.9

-8.2

Bay of Plenty

17,217

16,905

-312




9.6

8.8

-8.3

Lakes

10,401

9,153

-1,248




11.6

10.3

-11.2

Tairawhiti

6,102

5,919

-183




15.2

14.8

-2.6

Taranaki

5,880

5,499

-381




6.1

5.4

-11.5

Whanganui

4,431

4,077

-354




7.8

7.4

-5.1

Hawke’s Bay

14,349

13,521

-828




10.5

9.7

-7.6

MidCentral

9,687

9,741

54




6.6

6.5

-1.5

Hutt Valley

13,638

12,696

-942




10.6

9.8

-7.5

Capital & Coast

22,335

22,623

288




9.0

8.6

-4.4

Wairarapa

1,914

1,881

-33




5.3

4.9

-7.5

Nelson Marlborough

6,162

5,985

-177




5.1

4.7

-7.8

West Coast

1,143

1,017

-126




4.1

3.6

-12.2

Canterbury

25,938

27,636

1,698




5.9

6.2

5.1

South Canterbury

1,470

1,785

315




2.9

3.4

17.2

Southern

11,256

11,283

27




4.3

4.1

-4.7

New Zealand

389,385

398,100

8,715




10.4

10.1

-2.9

* Household crowding (counting people) by DHB.


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