Choice of initial antihypertensive agents — Multiple guidelines and meta-analyses
conclude that the degree of blood pressure reduction, not the choice of antihypertensive
medication, is the major determinant of reduction in cardiovascular risk in patients with
hypertension [
48,50-52
]. Recommendations for the use of specific classes of
antihypertensive medications are based upon clinical trial evidence of decreased
cardiovascular risk, blood pressure-lowering efficacy, safety, and tolerability. Most patients
with hypertension will require more than one blood pressure medication to reach goal
blood pressure. Having multiple available classes of blood pressure medication permits
clinicians to individualize therapy based upon individual patient characteristics and
preferences.
Some patients have a “compelling” indication for a specific drug or drugs that is unrelated
to primary hypertension (
table 10
). If there are no specific indications for a particular
diastolic if out-of-office readings are not available)
Patients with an out-of-office blood pressure (mean home or daytime ambulatory)
≥
130 mmHg systolic or ≥80 mmHg diastolic (or, if out-of-office readings are
unavailable, the average of appropriately measured office readings ≥130 mmHg
systolic or ≥80 mmHg diastolic) who have one or more of the following features:
●
Established clinical cardiovascular disease (eg, chronic coronary syndrome [stable
ischemic heart disease], heart failure, carotid disease, previous stroke, or
peripheral arterial disease)
•
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
•
Chronic kidney disease
•
Age 65 years or older
•
An estimated 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease of at least 10
percent (
calculator 1
)
•
medication based upon comorbidities, most guidelines and recommendations, including
the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines, recommend that initial therapy be chosen from among the
following four classes of medications [
4
]. (See
"Choice of drug therapy in primary (essential)
hypertension"
.)
A systematic review of the available data published in conjunction with the 2017 ACC/AHA
guidelines demonstrated no significant difference in cardiovascular mortality between
patients treated with these four drug classes [
53
].
Additional considerations in choice of initial therapy:
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