Hypertensive urgency and emergency — Severe hypertension (usually a diastolic blood
pressure above 120 mmHg) with evidence of acute end-organ damage is defined as a
hypertensive emergency [
4
]. Hypertensive emergencies can be life-threatening and require
immediate treatment, usually with parenteral medications in a monitored setting (
table 11
). The causes and treatment of hypertensive emergency are presented
elsewhere. (See
"Evaluation and treatment of hypertensive emergencies in adults"
.)
Severe hypertension (usually a diastolic blood pressure above 120 mmHg) in asymptomatic
patients who are not experiencing acute end-organ damage is referred to as hypertensive
urgency [
4
]. There is no proven benefit from rapid reduction in blood pressure in such
patients [
4,58-60
]. Hypertensive urgency is common in clinical practice, especially among
patients with known hypertension who are not fully adherent to their medications. Most
cases of asymptomatic blood pressure elevations can be addressed in the office setting
without referral to a higher level of care. Management of severe asymptomatic
hypertension is discussed separately. (See
"Management of severe asymptomatic
hypertension (hypertensive urgencies) in adults"
.)
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