Geodeziya, kartografiya, geografiya

How can I use a classified map?
Classified maps are used for a host of quantitative analysis applications such as species or landscape modeling, fragmentation analysis, and conservation priority. They can also be used as visual aids in a presentation or as a layer in a Geographic Information System (GIS). No matter how a classified map is used, it is useful to have some information on the accuracy of the map. This information can come from a carefully planned accuracy assessment or some less rigorous qualitative methods, but the source of the accuracy should also be known. It is important to keep in mind that a classified map is only an approximate representation of the features on the ground. The accuracy of this representation can greatly affect the results of any quantitative analysis. Another important characteristic of a classified map is spatial scale. This is especially important when using a land cover map to calculate landscape metrics. A coarse scale land cover map will produce very different results than a finer scale map.


6-MA’RUZA


SUV HAVZALARI VA OQIMLARINI AEROKOSMIK MA’LUMOTLARDAN FOYDALANIB KARTALASHTIRISH

Ko’llar, suv omborlar, ular bilan bog’liq ekologik ofatlar. Ularni oldini olishda monitoring olib borish. Google Earth, KML, DEM, SHP fayl, havzani aniqlash, irmoqlar, ArcGIS.

Ko’llar – tabiiy ravishda shakllangan suv havzalari. Paydo bo’lishiga ko’ra morena, tektonik, qoldiq, to’g’on, to’siq, vulqonik va h.k.

Suv omborlari – sun’iy ravishda tashkil qilingan va qishloq xo’jalik, energiya, turizm va boshqa maqsadlarda foydalanish uchun tashkil qilingan suv havzalari.
Gidrologik talofatlar bugungi kunda ko’plab davlatlarning iqtisodiy taraqqiyotiga tahdid soayotgan muammolardan biridir. Quyidagi gidrologik talofatlarni alohida ko’rsatish mumkin:

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  To’g’onlarning texnik va tabiiy nosozliklar asosida buzilishi;
  
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  Sel kelishi va ko’chkilarning yuzaga kelishi;
  
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  Sunami;
  
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  Ko’llarning qurib qolishi, Orol dengizi.
  
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  Tabiiy va texnogen ob’ektlarining terrorizm quroliga aylanishi;
  
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  Suv havzalarining turli xildagi ifloslanishi va h.k.
  

Quyida jaxonda sodir bo’lgan gidrologik ofatlarni ingliz tilidagi materiallar asosida ko’rib chiqish mumkin.

Google Earth – yer yuzasini uch o’lchamli fazoda sun’iy yo’ldoshlar, aerosur’atlar, okean chuqurliklari ma’lumotlari va boshqa geografik ma’lumotlar asosida internet asosida tasvirlovchi geografik brouzerdir. Unda

KML – Keyhole Markup Language – XML fayllari bazasi asosida geografik ma’lumotlarni Google Earth, Google Map va boshqa GAT dasturlarida tasvirlovchi o’lcham.
Shp – shapefile –ommabop geografik vektor ma’lumotlar o’lchami bo’lib GAT tizimlarida keng qo’llaniladi.
DEM - digital elevation model – re’lefning uch o’lhcmli raqamli modeli. Hozirgi kunda SRTM, ASTER, ALOS DSM lar keng qo’llaniladi.