The Effects of afta on Macroeconomic Variables and Poverty: Evidence of Laos



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44 

 

 



 

 

 

 



No.

Country

No.

OTHERS

ASEAN

14

European Union 25



1

Laos

15

Latin America



2

Cambodia


16

Middle East and North Africa

3

Indonesia



17

North America

4

Malaysia


18

Rest of Southeast Asia

5

Philippines



19

South Asia

6

Singapore



20

Sub-sahara Africa

7

Thailand


21

Rest of the world

8

Vietnam


ASEAN PLUS

9

Australia, New Zealand



10

China


11

Japan


12

Korea


13

Rest of the East Asia

Source: GTAP, database 8



45 

 

2. The 57 sectors in the model 



 

 

 

 

 

 

No.

Code

Description

No.

Code

Description

1

PDR


Paddy rice

29

LEA


Leather products

2

WHT


Wheat

30

LUM


Wood products

3

GRO


Cereals, grains

31

PPP


Paper products, publishing

4

V_F


Vegetables,fruit,nuts

32

P_C


Petroleum, coal products

5

OSD


Oil seeds

33

CRP


Chemicals, rubber, plastic 

products


6

C_B


Sugar cane, sugar beet

34

NMM


Mineral products

7

PFB


Plant-based fibers

35

I_S


Ferrous metals

8

OCR


Crops

36

NFM


Metals

9

CTL


Bovine cattle, sheep and 

goats, horses



37

FMP


Metal products

10

OAP


Animal products

38

MVH


Motor vehicles and parts

11

RMK


Raw milk

39

OTN


Transport equipment 

12

WOL


Wool, silk-worm 

cocoons


40

ELE


Electronic equipment

13

FRS


Forestry

41

OME


Machinery and equipment

14

FSH


Fishing

42

OMF


Manufactures

15

COC


Coal

43

ELY


Electricity

16

OIL


Oil

44

GDT


Gas manufacture, distribution

17

GAS


Gas

45

WTR


Water

18

OMN


Minerals

46

CNS


Construction

19

CMT


Bovine meat products

47

TRD


Trade

20

OMT


Meat products

48

OTP


Transport

21

VOL


Vegetable oils and fats

49

WTP


Water transport

22

MIL


Dairy products

50

ATP


Air transport

23

PCR


Processed rice

51

CMN


Communication

24

SGR


Sugar

52

OFI


Financial services

25

OFD


Food products

53

ISR


Insurance

26

B_T


Beverages and tobacco 

products


54

OBS


Business services

27

TEX


Textiles

55

ROS


Recreational and other services

28

WAP


Wearing apparel

56

OSG


Public administration, defense, 

education, health



57

DWE


Dwellings

Source: GTAP, database 8




46 

 

3.  Summary Statistics of Variables 



Variables 

Obs 

Mean 

Std. Dev. 

Min 

Max 

Gi 


8293 

0.43 


0.49 



Irrigation Access  

8293 


0.09 

0.29 


Number of Cattle 



8293 

2.10 


4.51 

72 



Number of  Buffalo 

8293 


1.33 

2.82 


80 


Number of  Pigs 

8293 


1.82 

3.72 


100 


Literate Total 

8293 


3.94 

1.95 


15 


Literate Females 

8293 


1.81 

1.26 


Education 



8293 

5.24 


3.97 

20 



Adults 

8293 


2.82 

1.28 


10 


Rice farm land Area 

8293 


1.37 

1.45 


24 


Other Cultivation Land Area 

8293 


0.52 

1.24 


18 


Lowland Area 

8293 


0.49 

0.50 


Chemical fertilizers 



8293 

0.09 


0.29 



Business 

8293 


0.24 

0.43 


Dependency Ratio 



8293 

0.39 


0.24 



Male Head of Household 

8293 


0.94 

0.23 


Age of Household Head 



8293 

45.50 


12.19 

16 


98 

Age Squares 

8293 

2218.95 


1182.28 

256 


9604 

Access to All Season Road 

8293 

0.72 


0.45 



Electricity  

8293 


0.53 

0.50 


Access to Safe Water 



8293 

0.62 


0.49 



Community Health 

8293 


0.56 

0.50 


Distance of village to Hospital 



8293 

17.56 


19.49 

120 



Access to Market 

8293 


0.08 

0.27 


Source: Authors' calculations based on LECS 4. 




47 

 

4. Correlation Matrix of explanatory variables 



 

Source: Authors' calculations based on LECS 4 

 

 

 



 

 

 



Document Outline

  • Dollar, D., and Kraay, A. (2004) “Trade, growth, and poverty.” the Economic Journal, 114:493, 22-49.
    • Ravallion, M. (2006) “Looking beyond average in the trade and poverty debate” World Development, 34:8, 1374-1392.
    • Ravallion, M., and Lokshin, M. (2008) “Winners and Losers from Trade Reform in Morocco. In The impact of Macroeconomic Policies on Poverty and Income Distribution: Macro-Micro Evaluation Techniques and Tools”, Bourguignon, Bussolo, and Silav, eds. Was...

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