Basic Computer Hardware and Software

Basic Computer Hardware and Software.

Guruh: 082-22

Tekshirdi: Sultanova Xilola

Bajardi: Umirbayev Ilnur

Input Devices

• Input Devices: devices that input information into the computer such as a keyboard, mouse, scanner, and digital camera.

Output Devices

• Output: devices that output information from the computer such as a printer and monitor.

Hardware and Software

• Computer Hardware would include all the parts of a computer.
• Computer Software includes the programs that are installed.. Or the instructions for completing tasks.

Central Processing Unit

• CPU (Central Processing Unit) also called the Microprocessor or “The Brain” of the Computer.
• Processor speed: The speed at which a microprocessor executes instructions. This is usually measured in megahertz (MHz).
• Brands of Processors include:
• Pentium
• Celeron
• MAC
• AMD
• Cyrix

Central Processing Unit

• Computer chip: also called the microprocessor may contain an entire processing unit.
• Computer chips contain millions of transistors. They are small pieces of semi-conducting material (silicon).
• An integrated circuit is embedded in the silicon. Computers are made of many chips on a circuit board.

Data Storage Devices

• The hard-drive is a mechanical storage device typically located internally.
• Fast recording and recovery of data
• Large storage capacity
• Magnetic
• Primary storage device for data and programs
• Speed is measured in R.P.M.’s (Revolutions per minute)

Data Storage Devices (cont’d)

• CD-ROM (compact disk read only memory)
• An optical device read by a diode laser

Data Storage Devices (cont’d)

• Floppy diskette is magnetic storage device for small amounts of data (1.44MB).
• FLASH drive is a compact and portable electronic storage device.
• USB (plug and play) supported

Computer Memory

• RAM (random access memory) stores data that is processing. This type of memory is erased when the computer is turned off.
• ROM (read only memory) contains special instructions for the computer to operate.
• Cache memory increases the speed of the processor by recording and anticipating instructions.

Graphic User Interface (GUI)

• GUI (Graphic User Interface) is a set of images and icons seen on the desktop used to operate a program.
• The GUI makes the programs loaded on the computer easier to access and use. Basic Windows GUI
• Icons are small pictures that represent files, commands, or windows.
• Windows is a GUI operating system.

Video Cards

• Video cards plug into the motherboard and are used to display video.
• VRAM is video memory that enhances the refreshment rate of the image.
• Video cards have chipsets that can increase the speed of video display.

Ports and Peripherals

• Ports are an interface between the computer and another peripheral device such as a disk drive, mouse, printer, modem, monitor, camera, FLASH drive or keyboard.

Examples:

Serial

Parallel

hot-wire

USB

Ports and Peripherals

• Peripherals are devices that plug into a computer and are not housed internally.

Examples:

Printers

Scanners

Cameras

LAN and WAN

• LAN: are networks usually in the same company or building. The Local Area Network is connected via telephone lines or radio waves. Most LANs connect workstations.
• WAN: are systems of LANs that are connected. (Wide-area network)

Bandwidth and Baud Rate

• Bandwidth is how much information can be carried in a given time period (usually a second) over a wired or wireless communications link.
• Baud rate is the rate at which information is transferred in a communication channel.

The End