instructor)
Students are not allowed to do parts of the experiment designated as demonstration by the instructor.
a. The instructor will set-up the light- bulb conductivity apparatus as shown in the figure 1 below.
Light bulb
Electrodes
Electric plug
Beaker containing a sample to be tested
Figure 1: Light bulb conductivity apparatus
The conductivity apparatus consists of an electric lamp in series with open electrodes. The electrodes will
fit inside a 50 ml beaker containing the liquid to be tested. The electrodes are to be rinsed thoroughly
with distilled water between testing the different samples.
Caution: The instructor will put on a pair of rubber gloves before plugging the conductivity
apparatus cord into the electrical outlet. The gloves are kept on through out the entire
experiment and while the apparatus is plugged in. To prevent electric shock, the electrodes are
not to be touched while the apparatus is plugged into the 110 volts. The apparatus is not to be
left on unattended. In any lab experiment involving “live” contacts, the apparatus is to be
disconnected from the source power except when actually making measurements.
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b. Electrical conductivity of glacial acetic acid, HC
2
H
3
O
2
(l), no solvent present:
The instructor will test the electrical conductivity by using the light bulb conductivity apparatus. Students
are not allowed to do this part of the experiment:
i. Approximately 15 ml of glacial acetic acid is poured into a 50 ml beaker.
Glacial acetic acid is a pure form of acetic acid (99.8%). It is called glacial because its freezing point
(16.7 ºC) is only slightly below room temperature.
ii. The conductivity is tested by raising the beaker up around the pair of electrodes. When a
measurable number of movable ions are present, the light bulb will glow. A dim glowing light indicates a
relatively small number of ions, while a bright glowing light indicates a relatively large number.
iii. Record your observation of the light bulb on table A, page 7.
c. Electrical conductivity of HCl in different solvents.
The instructor will test the electrical conductivity by using the light bulb conductivity apparatus. Students
are not allowed to do this part of the experiment:
i. This part of the experiment will be done under the fume hood. The conductivity of a solution
labeled “HCl in Toluene” will be tested. Note: Toluene is a nonpolar solvent. Then, about 10 ml of
distilled water are added. The beaker is shaken gently to stir the solution. There will be two liquid layers
in this mixture. The electrodes are placed so that they penetrate below the surface of the lower (water)
layer, and the conductivity is tested again.
ii. Record your observation of the light bulb on table A, page 7.
All solutions containing toluene are disposed of in a special waste container,
labeled Halogenated Hydrocarbon, found under the fume hood.
Caution:
Glacial acetic acid is corrosive and will burn the skin. If skin contact occurs, the
contacted area should be washed with large amounts of water. It also has a strong odor
and should be kept away from the nose while testing it. When finished, it is to be flushed
with lots of water into the large sink before, while and after it is emptied.
Caution: Toluene is flammable and quite volatile. The use of burners during this
part of the experiment is prohibited. No student in the area is allowed to use the
burner.
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2. ELECTROLYTES: (s trong, weak, or nonelectrolyte solutions)
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