Chirchik state pedagogical university students of the faculty of tourism

2.2. The future of English language as a world languae
English is used by many people today and it is one of the most useful language than any language in the history of the world. English language is said to be a language of excellence. English language has a debatable number when it comes to the number of the speakers, but approximately estimates 380 million who use it as a first language, but it is used as a second language or additional language by more than a half billion people which use it for communication even why they do not share linguistic or cultural background, they use it as a second language. So the so called core English speakers are in minority because of the large number of English users and native speakers, because it is not determined how language is used internationally .English is a global language, English is heard in television used by many politicians in a global conference, and wherever you travel in a foreign country you will see signs and advertisements in this language. If you enter in a restaurant you see the menu in English, or wherever you go if you speak this powerful language you will not be alone, you will only benefit from this language of excellence. Even why English is not my mother tongue of course I am strongly motivated to learn and teach that to other students. People who know English Language are really successful, and we hope this language will put me in contact with different people from different cultures who use this language. As the world is in transition everyday English language is using new terms and forms. English language reflects many patterns of contact with other languages, and changed communication for the need of people, English is also used more than before, because it is used in technology as a leading edge also, scientific development, in management, art , literature, and so on. The reason why English language spread as a global language is because of two main historical events. The first historical event
was the expansion of the British colonialism that resulted in the settlement of English language in many parts of the globe, and the second historical event is the 20th century of the US that were more important than Britain who ensured that language a culture for any costumer. As English develops complex relationships rapidly between communities, and speakers of the world, there should be arguments and positions related with pedagogies, policies, politics, and practices of English as a global language, even sociolinguistics and socio psychological complexities should be revised with new questions expanded.
The language has continuously taken on new characteristics mainly derived from the fact that the majority of the English speaking population is not native to it. By 2020 it has been predicted that only 15% of the English speaking population will be native English speakers. This has never been lost on linguists.
In the ongoing state of modern globalization, language has become a barrier that cannot be ignored. At a point in recent history, some believed that Chinese might become the language of the future, but today China exists as the world’s largest English speaking population. English communication is thriving with some of the world’s largest and most disruptive companies based in English-speaking countries, so it is no surprise that international communication is highly dependent on English being a common ground. So it is official, English is here to stay. But that doesn’t mean we will be able to recognize it 100 years from now. The English language is a dynamic organism that has undergone many instances of transformation, and will continue to do so. As English becomes more and more recognized as being universal, it will undergo changes to better suit its role as an international language. The implications for other cultures are great, but the implications for the English language itself are also radical. The English language is currently being shaped by foreign speakers, and our need of communication with them. A deep study of five languages conducted by John McWhorter suggested that when a large number of foreign speakers learn a language imperfectly, the doing away with unnecessary bits of grammar is a key element in shaping language. Thus, the dialect they speak can be thought of as a simpler version of the language. However, McWhorter also notes that simpler or “different” is not synonymous with “worse”. In a lively TED Talk. he branched away from the discussion of what non-native speakers have done with the language, to direct attention towards what technology has done to the language. Texting, he argues, is evidence that youth today are “expanding their linguistic repertoire”. Describing this as “fingered speech”—something altogether different from formal writing—McWhorter states that what we are witnessing through this phenomenon is actually an “emergent complexity” of the English language. This argument positions simpler English (which texting can easily be defined as) as the polar opposite of a decline. Instead, it is enrichment. For McWhorter, the dialect of texting represents a new kind of language with an entirely new structure. Isn’t this what we are witnessing with Simplified English as well? What McWhorter significantly points out is that there is more than one aspect of modern life that is altering the English language, but its dynamism can be a positive thing. He goes so far as to call texting a “linguistic miracle”.
McWhorter is not the only one who sees this transformation in a positive light. Returning to the concept of a universal or international language, The Economist argues that while language may simplify because it is spreading, “it is spreading because it is expressive and useful”.Founding editor of The Futurist magazine wrote in 2011 that the concept of a single universal language is a great one with wonderful opportunities for business relations, but the reality is that the cost of initial training would be absurd. Yet, it does not seem so far-fetched that the transformation of the English language might helm a natural advancement towards an accepted single language. And it may well be an English that we would no longer recognize in the centuries to come. Perhaps George Orwell’s concept of Newspeak is actually on the horizon. But the notion that only one language would be spoken does not account for the different ways that non-native speakers adjust to English. For example, the EU Court of Auditors has gone so far as to publish a style guide to address the problematic EU-isms when it comes to speaking English. The guide features a sub-section in the introduction titled “Does It Matter?” that writes: The European Institutions also need to communicate with the outside world and our documents need to be translated—both tasks that are not facilitated by the use of terminology that is unknown to native speakers and either does not appear in dictionaries or is shown to them with a different meaning. In response to this guide, The Economist noted that misuses of language that are still being used and are understood overtime are no longer misuses, but a new dialect. As The Economist pointed out, “languages don’t really decline”, but they do change. Without a doubt English is changing, and for a number of valid reasons we may be better off to accept it rather than to fight it. English as a global language is spoken in many countries as a native or as a foreign or secondary language, in this sense we have English, Spanish, Hindi, Mandarin, and Arabic that are the most spoken languages in the world. Even if a language has a large number of speakers cannot be considered as a global language or a wide language of communication. In this case, we have English as a global language and is considered to be as an excellent language, because it is used among individuals from different countries and between individuals from the same country. So we can surely say that English in a local sense and as a global language can be a globallanguage. According to Crystal (1997) who states that a language achieves global status when developed as a special role and is recognized in every country, and this status can only be reached by making it an official language or by giving special priority to that language and by studying it as a foreign language or as a second language (There are seventy countries who hold special status with many other countries giving English priority and learning it as a foreign language). Crystal (1997) presumes that English is rapidly growing the role as a global language. He states that the inner countries of English as a native language have a number of speakers roughly 320-380 million. In
the outer countries such as India and Singapore where English has a global role, they are the second language speakers of English with a number of speakers around 150-300 million, although in outer countries English is learned as a foreign language, the number of speakers is from 100-1000 million. There are 570 million people who have English as a native or as a native-command of English. According to Crystal who states that there is no other language spread over the world rapidly than English, by making it a global language. Anyway, the number of speakers cannot be a sufficient reason to call language as a global language. For instance, if this was the issue with far more native speakers than English is Mandarin, and English would be only a choice in the international exchanges. What does a global language mean? Smith (1976) was one of the first that defined the term International Language by stating that International Language is a communication between different nations with one another. English is the main foreign language taught in every school in Europe, Asia, South America and Africa. English is widely spoken in British Isles, United States, Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and many other territories under United States of America and United Kingdom. English Language is an official language of India with a number over 1000 million (over billion) people. Also we have other places ruled by Britain who continue to use English in their schools and as their official language such as Pakistan, Bangladesh and many other nations. We have some other nations who continue to learn French as their second language because they were ruled by French. English has affected even these countries that were ruled by French. We have the case with the former Russian Soviet Union, and the dominant language was Russian, but by the break of the Soviet Union, The Asian Republic rapidly introduced English in their school as a foreign language or as a second language. Even in Russia itself, English is rapidly growing and becoming popular as a second language. We have Japan where English language is the most favorable or second language. English is the most favorable language of international commerce, outside the Europe. All this happened before one hundred years ago.
The authority of English as the most preferable language began two hundred years ago with the colonization of North America, Asia, and Africa colonized by Britain. The expanding of maritime power by Industrial Revolution in Britain and the development of material wealth, progress in consequent power and research helped the spread of English and even Britain became a great empire. English in the 16th century was mainly spoken in England, southern Scotland, and it was spoken in small areas of Wales and Ireland. English today is spoken in one seven either as a native English or as a foreign language or as second language. English became as the dominant language in North America during the 17th century and the most rapid growth of English was during the 19th century.´Throughout Middle Ages education in Western Europe was in Latin language, the language of Diplomacy was French for four centuries, but even though today there is no language compared with English as a global language. This is simply because there are more people who speak Chinese rather than English as native language. Spanish also has a large number of native speakers but compared with English nor Spanish, nor Russian, nor Chinese, nor French cannot be compared even come to the level of English because of the spread and took place in the world. People learn English everywhere and they compare it to a passport for better career, better pay, benefits, advanced knowledge and for communication with different people from different nations mainly with the entire world. English is also learnt because of breadth literature and rich varieties, English also displaced French from the language of diplomacy. English as a lingua franca refers to communication in English between different speakers as a first language. Crystal (2003) states that every speaker in the world’s one/fourth speaker of the English as a native speaker. English as a lingua franca interacts among non-native speakers of English. What is different about English as a Lingua Franca is a common language used between persons who share a common culture or neither a common native tongue, and for this reason English is chosen as a foreign language of communication.
Lingua Franca is a phenomenon called English as a global Language. Some people welcomed and some declined this language. But despite this fact no one should deny that English functions as lingua franca in the world. English has become a Lingua Franca in fields like: politics, education, science, business, aviation,( and many others) because of the number of the speakers. English as a Lingua Franca is used in the Airspeak, for example, an Italian pilot contacts with ground control in English, Seaspeak also use English when communicating, and Scientific researchers are 95% in English language. Also half of the business round the world is done by using English language. We have popular music and American television who are dominated by English. Also international politicians use English in international agreements, we have our political leaders when they go to European countries they speak in English language, even if none of them are native English speakers. It is also important in distinguishing ELF (English as a Lingua Franca),from the use of English language from the pedagogic subject ELF(English as a foreign language).It can be presumed that the main aim of English as a Lingua Franca is to communicate with other non-native speakers whereas English as a Foreign Language is learnt in school, and takes the target of English speaker. According to linguists, English can be organized into three circles. The first circle encompasses all of the native speakers of English, such as in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, South Africa, New Zealand, etc. the Second circle includes the historically significant speakers, former British colonies such as West Indies, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nigeria, West Indies are in this circle. Lastly, the expanding outer circle encompasses every other English speaker. This expanding circle of non-native English speakers has come to outnumber native speakers by a factor of three. It is not a surprise to see a global spike in English education. Teaching English around the world should be adapted to their local settings, instead of using outdated British models for teaching the language. This process would also allow for English to become culturally neutral. As of right now, most English is spoken in an American context; causing the spread of American culture as a standard that we should all aspire to. Moving forward in the future, English should become the product of the emerging global culture, perhaps called International English. International English would mitigate the influences of British colonialism and American imperialism. It would also allow for cross-cultural understanding across the world without the political, social, and cultural connotations attached to standard English. Crystal estimates that around 60-70 new 'Englishes' have emerged since the 1960s in countries across the globe. There are an estimated 400 million people who speak English as a first language and 7-800 million people who speak English as a second language. Around a billion more speak English as a foreign language. This means that now there is just one native speaker to every five non-native speakers of English -- an unprecedented situation in the history of languages. It also means that people are no longer exclusively looking to Britain. British English is now a minority amongst the many 'Englishes' that are spoken around the world. According to Ledward and Hirata, 21st century skills are a blend of content knowledge, specific skills, expertise, and literacies necessary to succeed in work and life. Ledward and Hirata point out that these skills are more than technological literacy and include proficiency in critical thinking, problem solving, communication, and team work. Ultimately, these skills allow people to thrive in the new economy since they help people a) access, synthesize, and communicate information; b) work collaboratively across differences to solve complex problems; and c) create new knowledge through the innovative use of multiple technologies.The Partnership for 21st Century Skills maintains that while today’s schools show the influence of industrial and information age models, the modern 21st century school must bring together rigorous content and real world relevance, by focusing on cognitive skills as well as those in affective and aesthetic domains. To help schools achieve such challenging goals, the Partnership have created a framework for 21st century learning, which consists of core subjects (English, Reading, Language Arts, World.
Languages, Arts, Mathematics, Economics, Science, Geography, History, and Government and Civics) as well as interdisciplinary themes (global awareness, financial, economic, business, entrepreneurial literacy, civil literacy, health literacy, and environmental literacy). These subjects and themes center on three core skills: life and career skills, learning and innovation skills, and information, media, and technology skills. According to Trilling and Fadel , each of the three core skills addresses particular areas people need to acquire and develop. Life and career, for instance, describe the ability to be flexible, adaptable, selfdirected, socially aware, accountable and responsible. For their part, learning and innovation include the ability to be creative and innovative, critical, problem-solving, communicative and collaborative. Finally, information, media and technology consist in the ability to access and use information, to create and analyze media products, and to apply technology effectively. Once studied and incorporated into curriculum, instruction, and assessment, these skills can help schools and teachers set up learning environments capable of developing the essential abilities needed in the 21st century. English is also used for more purposes than ever before. Everywhere it is at the leading edge of technological and scientific development, new thinking in economics and management, new literatures and entertainment genres. These give rise to new vocabularies, grammatical forms and ways of speaking and writing. Nowhere is the effect of this expansion of English into new domains seen more clearly than in communication on the Internet and the development of “net English”. “But the language is, in another way, at a critical moment in its global career: within a decade or so, the number of people who speak English as a second language will exceed the number of native speakers.” The implications if this are likely to be far reaching: the centre of authority regarding the language will shift from native speakers as they become minority stakeholders in the global resource. Their literature and television “may no longer provide the focal point of a global English language culture, their teachers no longer form the unchallenged authoritative models for learners.” At the same time we may observe some contradictory trends. Many of the trends that are mentioned here are not simply “driving forces” whose impact and consequences can be easily predicted. And in so far as they are understood they appear to be leading in contradictory directions – tendencies to increasing use of English are counterposed by others which lead to a reducing enthusiasm for the language. On the other hand, the use of English as a global language requires intelligibility and the setting and maintenance of standards.