or No Deal or anxiety-inducing crime dramas like CSI are more likely to
get people aroused than documentaries about historical figures. These
shows should get more chatter themselves, sure, but the boosted heart rate
they induce should also spill over and make people more likely to talk about
the commercials that appear during the break. Ads at the gym may provoke
lots of discussion simply because people are already so amped. Work
groups may benefit from taking walks together because it will encourage
people to share their ideas and opinions.
The same idea holds for online content. Certain websites, news articles,
or YouTube videos evoke more arousal than others. Blogs about financial
markets, articles about political cronyism, and hilarious videos are all likely
to boost activation, which, in turn, should increase the transmission of ads
or other content that appears on those pages.
Ad timing also matters. Although a show may be generally arousing, a
specific scene in that show may be more activating than others. In crime
shows, for example, the anxiety often peaks somewhere in the middle.
When the crime is solved at the end, all tension dissipates. In game shows,
excitement—and therefore arousal—is highest when contestants are about
to find out how much they’ve won. We may end up talking more about ads
that show up close to these exciting moments.
—————
Emotions drive people to action. They make us laugh, shout, and cry, and
they make us talk, share, and buy. So rather than quoting statistics or
providing information, we need to focus on feelings. As Anthony Cafaro,
the designer who helped develop the “Parisian Love” video at Google,
noted:
Whether it’s a digital product, like Google, or a physical product, like
sneakers, you should make something that will move people. People
don’t want to feel like they’re being told something—they want to be
entertained, they want to be moved.
Some emotions kindle the fire more than others. As we discussed,
activating emotion is the key to transmission. Physiological arousal or
activation drives people to talk and share. We need to get people excited or
make them laugh. We need to make them angry rather than sad. Even
situations where people are active can make them more likely to pass things
on to others.
Fluid dynamics and online search seem like two of the least moving
topics out there. But by relating these abstract topics to people’s own lives
and evoking underlying emotion, Denise Grady and Anthony Cafaro got us
to care, and share.
4. Public
Ken Segall was Steve Jobs’s right hand man. For twelve years, Ken
worked as creative director at Jobs’s ad agency. He started with Apple’s
account in the early 1980s. When Jobs was fired and started NeXT
Computer, Ken moved to be part of the project. And when Jobs returned to
Apple in 1997, Ken came along as well. Ken worked on the “Think
Different” campaign, was on the team that developed the “Crazy Ones” ad,
and started the iCraze by naming Apple’s bulbous all-in-one egg-looking
desktop the iMac.
During those later years, Ken’s team would sit down with Jobs every two
weeks. It was a status meeting of sorts. Ken’s team would share everything
they were working on advertisingwise: promising ideas, new copy, and
potential layouts. Jobs would do the same. He would update Ken’s team on
how Apple was doing, which products were selling, and whether anything
new was coming down the pipeline that they might need a campaign for.
One week, Jobs approached Ken’s team with a conundrum. Jobs was
obsessed with the absolute best possible user experience. He always put the
customer first. Customers shelled out all that money; they should be treated
right. So Apple carried this mantra into all aspects of product design. From
opening the box to calling for tech support. Ever notice the slow delay
when you first pull the cover off the box of your new iPhone? That’s
because Apple has been hard at work designing that experience to provide
the perfect feeling of luxury and heft.
The conundrum concerned the design of the new PowerBook G4. The
laptop was going to be a marvel of technology and design. Its titanium body
was revolutionary—stronger than steel yet lighter than aluminum. And, at
less than one inch thick, it would be one of the thinnest laptops ever.
But Jobs wasn’t concerned about the laptop’s strength or weight. He was
concerned about the direction of the logo.
The cover of PowerBook laptops always had a small apple with a bite
taken out of the side. Consistent with their user focus, Apple wanted the
logo to look right to the owner of the computer. This was particularly
important given the frequency with which laptops are opened and closed.
People stuff the laptops in their backpacks or bags only to pull them out
later and start working. And when you pull the laptop out it’s hard to know
which way is up. Which side has the latch and so should face toward you
when you set the laptop down on a desk or table?
Jobs wanted this experience to be as fluid as possible, so he used the logo
as a compass. It faced the user when the computer was closed so that the
user could easily orient the laptop when he set it down.
But the problem came when a person opened the laptop. Once the users
had found a seat at the coffee shop and sat down with their macchiato, they
would open their computer to start working. And once they opened the
laptop the logo would flip. To everyone around them the logo would be
upside down.
Jobs was a big believer in branding, and seeing all those upside-down
logos wasn’t a great feeling. He was even worried it might be hurting the
brand.
So Jobs asked Ken’s team a question. Which is more important—to have
the logo look right to the customers before they opened their PowerBook, or
to make it look right to the rest of the world when the laptop was in use?
—————
As you can see the next time you glance at an Apple laptop, Ken and
Jobs reversed their long-held beliefs and flipped the logo. The reason?
Observability. Jobs realized that seeing others do something makes people
more likely to do it themselves.
But the key word here is “seeing.” If it’s hard to see what others are
doing, it’s hard to imitate it. Making something more observable makes it
easier to imitate. Thus a key factor in driving products to catch on is public
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