Clinical Manifestations a great variety of infections including abscesses, gangrene, cellulitis, bacteremia, pneumonia, peritonitis, bite wounds, and pelvic inflammatory disease. Klinik ko'rinishlari

Diagnosis
Anaerobic infections generally occur in the compromised host; that is, in patients who have impaired host defense mechanisms. The primary host defense deficiency in these infections is the disruption of natural barriers (such as the skin and mucous membranes). Diabetes mellitus, connective tissue disorders, atherosclerotic disease, cancer (especially of the colon, uterus, and lung), irradiation damage, immunosuppressive treatment, and alcoholism are conditions that may disrupt these natural barriers.
To establish a definite role for anaerobic cocci in infections, the causative organism must be isolated from the affected tissue or the bloodstream. Because anaerobic cocci are a significant part of the normal flora, the proper choice of specimen is critical. For example, coughed sputum, feces, and vaginal swabs, all of which could be contaminated with normal microbial flora, are unacceptable.
Diagnostika
Anaerob infektsiyalar odatda buzilgan uy egasida uchraydi; ya'ni mezbonning himoya mexanizmlari buzilgan bemorlarda. Ushbu infektsiyalarda asosiy xost himoyasi etishmovchiligi tabiiy to'siqlarning (masalan, teri va shilliq pardalar) buzilishidir. Qandli diabet, biriktiruvchi to'qima kasalliklari, aterosklerotik kasalliklar, saraton (ayniqsa, yo'g'on ichak, bachadon va o'pka), nurlanishning shikastlanishi, immunosupressiv davolash va alkogolizm bu tabiiy to'siqlarni buzishi mumkin bo'lgan holatlardir.
Infektsiyalarda anaerob kokklarning aniq rolini aniqlash uchun qo'zg'atuvchi organizmni ta'sirlangan to'qimalardan yoki qon oqimidan ajratib olish kerak. Anaerob kokklar normal floraning muhim qismi bo'lganligi sababli, namunani to'g'ri tanlash juda muhimdir. Masalan, oddiy mikrob florasi bilan ifloslangan bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan yo'talgan balg'am, najas va vaginal tamponlar qabul qilinishi mumkin emas.
Control
Treatment of infections caused by anaerobic cocci consists of antibiotic therapy and drainage, debridement, or both of necrotic tissue. In general, penicillin is the drug of choice, and clindamycin or metronidazole can be used for the patient allergic to penicillin. The clinician should be aware that in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility tests have shown that some strains of anaerobic cocci are resistant to penicillin or to clindamycin. Metronidazole is typically active against most strains of anaerobic cocci; however, aerotolerant species, such as Streptococcus spp. are uniformly resistant. Brain abscesses must be treated with an antimicrobial agent such as chloramphenicol or penicillin or metronidazole, sufficient doses of which can cross the blood barrier. Frequently B fragilis, an anaerobic gram-negative rod, is present in infections containing anaerobic cocci; this organism produces a β-lactamase that can protect other organisms in the infection from the action of penicillin.