Abstract. This work is devoted to the problem of the impact of the minimum wage on the labor market.
As a tool for assessing social well-being, the ratio of the minimum wage and the subsistence minimum is used.
Four main characteristics of the labor market, which are influenced by the minimum wage, are shown. The
Keitz index measures the ability of wages to provide a decent minimum standard of living in labor markets.
Experience shows that increasing the minimum wage, on the one hand, leads to a decrease in inequality
and an overall increase in wages in the formal sector, and on the other hand, to an increase in unemployment
among the most vulnerable groups of employed people and the growth of the informal sector. At the same
time, the changes will not affect all countries, but mainly less developed countries.
Key words: minimal salary, minimum wage, labor market, employment, Keitz index, living wage,
social inequality
Despite the ongoing debate about its pros and cons, the minimum wage remains a very important
element of economic and social policy. In accordance with the changes in the economic and social development
of various countries, the policy in the field of wages, especially the minimum wage, is constantly changing.
Many functions for the implementation of this policy have been assigned by the state to enterprises that
independently determine the forms and systems of wages depending on their economic situation, as well as
develop a mechanism for financial incentives for employees (Evbuomvanova, 2020, p. 319).
The minimum wage is a labor market institution defined as the minimum allowable price of an
employee's labor applied to correct income inequality among workers. The mechanism of formation of the
minimum wage differs depending on the country:
1) there are countries where there is a single national minimum wage for all – countries of the
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, developing countries;
2) countries where the regions have the right to set their own minimum wages depending on the
climatic, economic and other conditions of the regions – Russia, USA;
3) countries where there is no uniform national minimum wage and it is determined separately in each
region – Japan (Ivanovskaya, 2016, p. 348).
It should be noted that the potential advantages and disadvantages of the minimum wage, as well as
the problem of its impact on the world labor market, are always in the focus of researchers and experts.
Scientific researches on this topic, obtained statistical indicators are constantly changing and updated. Even
among experts, it is observed that there is consensus, as well as conflicting opinions.
In the second decade of the 21
st
century, the governments and heads of state of many countries of the
world, both developed and developing economies, are worried about the issue of wage stagnation. Frequent
economic crises affect not only the reduction of production, but also the income of the population and their
wages. After all, the decrease in consumption affects the stability of the economy of all countries of the world.
For example, as a result of the economic crisis observed in the early 2010s, a decrease in salaries was observed
in the world: in transition and developing economies in 2015, wage growth decreased from 6.6% in 2012 to
2.5% , also in Asian countries up to 3.4%, 2.0% in African countries, 1.3% in Latin American and Caribbean
countries, 5.2% in Eastern Europe (Evbuomvanova, 2020, p. 319).
Within the framework of the research, we have tried to analyze the benefits, disadvantages, ratio of
the minimum wage to the average wage, as well as the impact on the labor market of ten countries with different
economic indicators. These countries differ in economic development, labor market structure, labor legislation,
socio-economic problems, and the age of the minimum wage institution.
It should be noted that in these countries, the minimum wage is either equal to the subsistence
minimum established in the country, or exceeds it. But in general, in these countries, the minimum wage
guarantees the minimum provision of all needs. We should compare indicators such as the minimum wage,
the Keitz index, the unemployment rate (Table 1). The potential benefits and drawbacks of a global minimum
wage and its impact on labor markets around the world.
As shown in table 1,
the higher the Keitz index, the more sensitive changes in the minimum wage to
the labor market. As can be seen from the table, this ratio fluctuates around 38-45%. This indicates that in most
of the countries under study, the introduced minimum wage is able to provide a relatively decent standard of