The XXXVI International Scientific Symposium "Multidisciplinary Studies of the Turkish World"
The 25
th
of March 2023 ISBN: 978-605-72481-0-7 Eskishehir / Türkiye
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living, but at the same time, its changes are quite sensitive to the labor markets of these countries. Two
countries that stand out from the overall picture are Germany and Greece.
Germany set the minimum wage at the national level only in 2014, being an economically developed
country, the Keitz index is quite high here. This indicates that the minimum wage is fulfilling its function of
guaranteeing a certain standard of living.
As for Greece, here according to the given data in 2011 there was
the highest indicator of the Keitz index. That is, the minimum wage in Greece is set at a level that allows to
mitigate income inequality in society (Ivanovskaya, 2016, p. 347).
Table 1. The ratio of the minimum wage to the value of the average wage in the countries of
the world from 2011 to 2015 (%)
Country
Year
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Belgium
44,3
46,1
45,5
–
–
Bulgaria
35,5
37,8
39,2
40,5
–
Germany
–
–
–
–
58,0
Estonia
33,5
33,0
34,1
35,9
–
Greece
56,4
–
–
–
–
Spain
36,7
36,4
36,1
36,0
–
France
46,2
47,1
46,9
–
–
Hungary
38,6
42,5
43,3
43,3
–
Great Britain
39,1
39,7
39,3
40,2
40,9
USA
–
–
–
37,4
–
Source:
Ivanovskaya L.A., 2016
In Belgium, the increase in the minimum wage is accompanied by a slight increase in the
unemployment rate throughout the period.
In Bulgaria, there is a gradual increase in the minimum wage, and
the growth of unemployment accompanied this process only until 2013, after which unemployment fell quite
sharply even compared to the beginning of the period. As for Germany, the unemployment rate has been
gradually decreasing throughout the entire period.
As noted earlier, the national minimum was introduced in the country only in 2014, which did not
affect the overall trend in the unemployment rate. In Estonia, as in Belgium, the increase in the minimum wage
reduced unemployment.
Greece saw a significant reduction in the minimum wage between 2011 and 2012, by almost 200 euros.
Also during this period, there is a significant rise in unemployment by more than 6%, with a subsequent upward
trend. But in this case, the rise in unemployment is caused not only by the reduction of the guaranteed minimum
wage and the increase in the differentiation of incomes of the population, but also by other reasons that led the
country into an economic crisis.
In Spain, from 2011 to 2015, the minimum wage grew, which was first accompanied by an increase in
unemployment until 2013, and then its decline. It is worth noting that Greece and Spain are the leading
countries in terms of unemployment among those selected for analysis, since unemployment rates are more
than 20%, however, it is not only the increasing dynamics of the minimum wage that affects such high rates.
In France, as in Belgium and Estonia, a slight increase in the minimum wage is paralleled by a slight
increase in the unemployment rate. In Hungary, the general trend is as follows: the minimum wage is rising
and the unemployment rate is falling.
Notable, however, was 2014, when, after a sustained increase, the minimum wage was cut, and at the
same time, the unemployment rate fell by almost 3%. In the UK and the US, the minimum wage has risen with
slight drops over the period, and the unemployment rate has been steadily declining at around 1% per year
(Ivanovskaya, 2016, p. 349).
In the last decade, in many countries, to protect low-paid workers and reduce wage inequality,
mechanisms have been formed to regulate wages, which are regulated at the state level. It defines the minimum
wage, which will increase the income of low-paid workers, most of whom are women. Although the struggle
to equalize the rights of men and women has been going on for a long time, in many countries the trend towards
gender wage inequality persists.
At the UN, the new global policy agenda defines economic growth, productive employment and decent
pay for all as the main goal of sustainable development. To do this, it is necessary to “reduce inequalities
within and between countries”. This problem remains unresolved today, as countries with developed
economies do not want to give up their positions and use developing countries as raw materials sources with
cheap labor, putting increasing economic and political pressure on them (Evbuomvanova, 2020, p. 320).
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