Contents introduction chapter I grammatical meaning, grammatical form

Can-could
May-might Will-would Shall-should
Must
Ought to
They share the same grammatical characteristics. At first they closely reflect the meanings often given first in most dictionaries. Modals are always the first word in a verb group and have only one form. All modals except for "ought to" are followed the base form of a verb.
/ must leave fairly soon.
I think it will look rather nice.
Things might have been so different.
People may be watching.
"Ought" is always followed by a to-infinitive.
She ought to go straight back to England.
Sam ought to have realized how dangerous it was.
You ought to be doing this.
Modals do not normally indicate the time when something happens. There are, however, a few exceptions.
Shall' and 'will often indicate a future event or situation.
I shall do what you suggested.
He will not return for many hours.
Could' is used as the past form of can' to express ability.Would' is used as the past form ofwill' to express the future.
When I was young, I could run for miles.
He remembered that he would see his mother the next day.
In spoken English and informal written English,^лshall' and 'will' are shortened to -'1Г, and would' to '-'d', and added to a pronoun.
I'll see you tomorrow.
/ hope you '11 agree.
Posy said she 'd love to stay.
Shall', 'will', and ^л would' are never shortened if they come at the end of a sentence.
Paul said he would come, and I hope he will.
In spoken English, you can also add ^Л-'1Г and ^,Jd' to nouns.
My car'll be outside.
The headmaster's be furious.
Remember that '-d' is also the short form of the auxiliary 'had'.
I'd heard it many times.

• 
  You use negative words with modals to make negative clauses.
  
• 
  Modals go in front of the subject in questions.
  
• 
  You never use two modals together
  

To make a clause negative, you put a negative word immediately after the modal. You must not worry.
I can never remember his name.
He ought not to have done that.