Cs3014: Artificial Intelligence introduction to artificial intelligence

History of AI

• AI has a long history
• Ancient Greece
• Aristotle
• Historical Figures Contributed
• Ramon Lull
• Al Khowarazmi
• Leonardo da Vinci
• David Hume
• George Boole
• Charles Babbage
• John von Neuman
• As old as electronic computers themselves (c1940)

The ‘von Neuman’ Architecture

History of AI

• Origins
• The Dartmouth conference: 1956
• John McCarthy (Stanford)
• Marvin Minsky (MIT)
• Herbert Simon (CMU)
• Allen Newell (CMU)
• Arthur Samuel (IBM)
• The Turing Test (1950)
• “Machines who Think”
• By Pamela McCorckindale

Periods in AI

• Early period - 1950’s & 60’s
• Game playing
• brute force (calculate your way out)
• Theorem proving
• symbol manipulation
• Biological models
• neural nets
• Symbolic application period - 70’s
• Early expert systems, use of knowledge
• Commercial period - 80’s
• boom in knowledge/ rule bases

Periods in AI cont’d

• ? period - 90’s and New Millenium
• Real-world applications, modelling, better evidence, use of theory, ......?
• Topics: data mining, formal models, GA’s, fuzzy logic, agents, neural nets, autonomous systems
• Applications
• visual recognition of traffic
• medical diagnosis
• directory enquiries
• power plant control
• automatic cars

Fashions in AI

Progress goes in stages, following funding booms and crises: Some examples:

1. Machine translation of languages

1950’s to 1966 - Syntactic translators

1966 - all US funding cancelled

1980 - commercial translators available

2. Neural Networks