Culture and traditions uzbekistan

In the 1950s, a national school of painting and sculpture was formed, and easel graphics were widely developed. A huge contribution to the formation and development of the art of Uzbekistan was introduced in the period 1941-1945, when art schools were evacuated to Tashkent and Samarkand from Moscow, Kiev and Leningrad. During this period, the exchange of artistic traditions intensified, their mutual influence contributed to the emergence of new trends, forms, methods, means of artistic expression in various types of art, which, in general, significantly strengthened the professional level of skill of Uzbek artists.
By the end of the twentieth century, the art of Uzbekistan, developing along with the art of other Soviet republics, acquired its own bright original language. In the multinational creative team of artists of Uzbekistan, several generations of artists have formed, each of which has made his own unique contribution to the formation and development of a national school. Their names are included in the golden chronicle of the art of Uzbekistan – these are Abdulhak Abdullaev, Chingiz Akhmarov, Varsham Yeremyan, Rakhim Akhmedov, Nigmat Kuzybayev, Mannon Saidov, Nadezhda Kashina, Rashid Timurov, N. Pak, V.Zhmakin, V. Burmakin, R. Charyev, E. Melnikov, Yu. Taldykin, N. Shin, B. Dzhalalov, Z. Umarbekov, M. Kagarov and many others. In their work, the techniques of Western European art organically synthesized with the traditions of oriental ornamentalism.
Independence and state sovereignty became important reforming factors of the new social structure, world outlook of the nation, its culture and art. The symbiosis of national and universal values ​​was proclaimed as the main value reference point of the new cultural policy. These two components gave originality to modern aesthetic searches in the art of Uzbekistan.
During the years of independence, a new surge in national identity took place in Uzbekistan, interest in studying history and literature, in centuries-old cultural traditions and customs, and religion has increased, and various areas of national art and culture are developing. The creation of the Academy of Arts of Uzbekistan, with a wide network of educational institutions throughout the country, the activities of the Creative Association of Artists contribute to strengthening the professional school of craftsmanship. The achievements of the artists of our days are convincing: everything truly beautiful is born on the basis of a deep knowledge of life, the creative development of traditions embodied in the Uzbek classics, on the basis of continuity in the historical development of art.
Modern artistic practice of the Republic of Uzbekistan is rich and diverse. Examples of a truly imaginative word about time and about oneself, plastic, plot, compositional and other ideological and artistic revelations can be found in the creative achievements of such leading masters of our days as painters A.Ikramdzhanov, S.Rakhmetov, R.Gagloyeva, Kh. Mirzaahmedov, V.Enin, A.Alikulov, graphics M.Sadykov, A.Allabergenov, A.Bobrov, A.Ponomarev, A.Mamajanov, V.Apuhtin and others.
The decorative trend develops in the works of painters A. Mirzaev, F. Akhmadaliev, A. Nura, M. Isanov, J. Usmanov, I. Valihodjaeva, I. Shin, V. Chuba, J. Salpinkidi, A. Tyurin. High mastery in the art of sculpture can be seen in the works of D.Ruzybayev, M.Mirtadzhiyev, A.Hatamov, T, Tadzhikhodzhayev, I.Zhabbarova, B.Mukhtarova, M.Borodina, L.Nesterovich, etc.

The search for humanistic values ​​in the art of Uzbekistan in the twenty-first century is harmoniously combined with the search for the expression of national self-awareness, comprehension of one’s own unique historical and cultural traditions, original artistic “picture of the world” and philosophy, poetics of the East. Moreover, it is transmitted through the language of avant-garde, postmodernism, which today are not just styles and trends of Western art, but become transnational forms of artistic expression of modern art, understood in various parts of the world. It is not by chance that the works of artists of Uzbekistan are highly appreciated by the audience at exhibitions in the republic and at numerous international exhibitions.
Nevertheless, there are a number of problems in the field of artistic creativity that are to be solved in the near future – the construction of new museum and exhibition objects for the existing extensive collections, their popularization in publications, the replenishment of museum collections, the creation of an electronic database, and so on.
Due to a number of objective economic reasons, the visual arts of Uzbekistan, as opposed to folk arts and crafts, have not yet received state preferences – tax incentives, etc., and the work of artists of Uzbekistan currently needs support and is waiting for its investors
C ustoms and traditions of the Uzbek people have been forming for centuries. They are very distinctive, impressive and different, dating back to different epochs and religions. Initial formation of Uzbek culture dates back to the 6th-7th centuries BC, by that time nomadic tribes shifted to a settled way of life in the valleys of Amu Darya, Syr Darya and Zarafshan and founded first states. Former nomads founded settlements and cities, bringing with them customs and traditions based on ancient cults of their ancestors. Territory of modern Uzbekistan, Transoxiana, being parts of ancient states – Khorezm, Sogdiana, Bactria - became the basis for formation of culture, which subsequently became the basis of Uzbek culture.
Over centuries, traditions and customs of Uzbek people remained almost unchanged despite the desire of many invaders to impose alien culture on. The Arabs had the greatest influence on Uzbek customs and traditions, through the expansion of Islam throughout Central Asia. Islam traditions were closely intertwined with pre-Islamic beliefs and traditions, local culture, and firmly settled in the mode and minds of the Uzbek people.
Centuries-old customs and traditions of the Uzbek people are carefully maintained and passed on from generation to generation. Like many Asian nations, most festive Uzbek customs are related with major family celebrations: wedding and birth. These events include many rites and rituals, involving parents, children, brothers, sisters, immediate and remote relatives even neighbors and guests, ach one has its own role. Uzbek traditions are based on hospitality, respect for elders, collectivism, manifested especially vividly in makhallas (Uzbek residential quarters) – repository of age-old national basis.
Culture of Uzbekistan is one of the brightest and original cultures of East. It is inimitable national music, dances and painting, unique national kitchen and clothes. The Uzbek national music is characterized as variety of subjects and genres. The songs and tool plays according to their functions and forms of usage can be divided into two groups: performed in the certain time and under the certain circumstances and performed at any time. The songs connected with customs and traditions, labor processes, various ceremonies, dramatized entertainment representations and games belong to the first group. 

The Uzbek people is well-known for its songs. Koshuk - household song with a small diapason melody, covering one or two rows of the poetic text. The dancing character of a melody of this genre provides their performance in support of comic dances. "Lapar" is a dialogue-song. In some areas the term - lapar is applied to wedding songs "Ulan" (which is performed as a dialogue of man and women). Genre "yalla" includes two kinds of songs: a melody of a narrow range, and solo simultaneously with dance. National and professional poems of the poets of East are used as the texts for the songs. The special place in the Uzbek musical heritage occupy "dastans" (epic legends with lyric-heroic content). Also "Makoms"- are the basic classical fund of professional music of oral tradition. 

The dances of uzbeks distinguish softness, smoothness and expressiveness of movements, easy sliding step, original movements on a place and on a circle. 

The development of national painting began many centuries ago. At 16-17 centuries art of the manuscript and binding in Bukhara and some other urban centers has achieved significant success. The decorating of manuscript included refined calligraphy, performance by water paints and thin ornaments on fields. In Samarkand and especially in Bukhara the Central Asian school of a miniature has achieved a great success and were developed many different style directions. One of them, for example is connected with traditions of Behzod, which characterized with its gentle style of writing the letter and architectural elements.