Dasturlash I” fanidan 1-oraliq nazorat savollari Kompyuterlar, dasturlar va C++ ga kirish

“Dasturlash I” fanidan 1-oraliq nazorat savollari

1. Kompyuterlar, dasturlar va C++ ga kirish

1. 
   Kompyuter nima (hardware, software)? Protsessor (CPU).
   
2. 
   Bitlar va baytlar. Xotira (RAM).
   
3. 
   Tashqi xotira (storage devices).
   
4. 
   Kiritish va chiqarish qurilmalari (input, output devices). Aloqa qurilmalari (communication devices).
   
5. 
   Dasturlash tillari (machine language, assembly language, high-level language).
   
6. 
   Operatsion tizimlar (controlling, monitoring, allocating, assigning, scheduling). C++ tarixi (BCPL, B, C, C++).
   
7. 
   C++ da eng sodda dastur (console, console input, console output, main, comment).
   
8. 
   Sintaktik xatoliklar (syntax error, compile error).
   
9. 
   Dastur bajarilish vaqtidagi va mantiqiy xatoliklar (runtime error, logic error)
   
10. 
    Umumiy xatoliklar (common error1, common error2, common error3, common error4).
    

2. Elementar dasturlash

1. 
   Sodda dastur yozish (problem, algorithm, pseudocode). Klaviaturadan o’qish (input, prompt).
   
2. 
   Identifikatorlar (identifier, identifier naming rules, case-sensitive). O’zgaruvchilar (declare variable, variable naming convention).
   
3. 
   Ta’minlash operatorlari va ta’minlash ifodalari (assignment operator, expression). Nomlangan konstantalar (constant, const keyword, benefits of constants).
   
4. 
   Sonli ma’lumotlar turlari va amallar (numeric types, int, float).
   
5. 
   Sonli literallar (literal, octal and hexadecimal literals). Arifmetik amallarni bajaruvchi operatorlar (operator, operands, integer division, modulo).
   
6. 
   Darajaga ko’tarish amallari (pow(a,b)). Arifmetik ifodalarda amallar bajarilish tartibi (operator precedence rule).
   
7. 
   Inkrement va decrement operatorlari (++, --, postincrement, preincrement). Sonli ma’lumot turlarni o’zgartirish (numeric type conversions, casting operator).
   
8. 
   Dasturni ishlab chiqishda talablarni aniqlash, tizimli tahlil va loyihalash bosqichlari (requirements specification, system analysis, system design).
   
9. 
   Dasturni ishlab chiqish jarayonida kod yozish va tekshirish bosqichlari (implementation, testing).
   
10. 
    Umumiy xatoliklar (unused variables, integer overflow, round-off errors, unintended integer division, forgetting header files).
    

3. Tanlash operatorlari

1. 
   bool ma’lumot turi (bool data type, Boolean variable, convert numbers to a bool value);
   
2. 
   if – shart operatori (if statement,flowchart);
   
3. 
   Ikki tarmoqli if-else operatori (two way if-else statement).
   
4. 
   Ichma-ich joylashgan if va ko`p tarmoqli if-else operatorlari (nested if statement, multi way if statement);
   
5. 
   Shartli operatorlarda ko`p uchraydigan xatoliklar;
   
6. 
   Tasodifiy sonlarni hosil qilish (rand () function, srand (seed) function)
   
7. 
   Mantiqiy operatorlar (Logical operators – !, &&, and ||);
   
8. 
   switch operatori (switch statement);
   
9. 
   Shartli ifodalar (conditional expression);
   
10. 
    Amallarning bajarilish tartibi va assotsiativligi (operator precedence, operator associativity).
    

4. Matematik funksiyalar. Belgilar va satrlar

1. 
   Matematik funksiyalar (Trigonometric Functions, Exponent Functions);
   
2. 
   Matematik funksiyalar (Rounding Functions, min, max, and abs Functions);
   
3. 
   Belgili ma’lumot turi, belgilar jadvali, belgini klaviaturadan o`qish va maxsus birikmalar (char type, ASCII, read character, escape sequence);
   
4. 
   Belgilar ustida sonli va munosabat amallari (numeric operators on characters, comparing and testing characters);
   
5. 
   Satrli ma’lumot turi, satr funksiyalari (instance function, at(index));
   
6. 
   Satrdan belgini ajratib olish. Satrlarni qo`shish (subscript operator, string concatenation);
   
7. 
   Satrlarni taqqoslash. Satrni klaviaturadan o`qish (comparing strings, read a string);
   
8. 
   Satrli ma’lumotni konsol oynaga chiqarilishini formatlash (format console output);
   
9. 
   Fayldan kiritish (stream manipulator, writing to a file);
   
10. 
    Faylga chiqarish (stream manipulator, reading from a file);