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Classifications of media

According to Allen (in Daryanto, 2010:17) the purpose and characteristics media are as follows:

1. 
   Silent visual media, example; newspaper, magazine etc.
   
2. 
   Film, that is, a 3D animation or others.
   
3. 
   Television, it is audiovisual media.
   
4. 
   3 dimension object. It’s like cartoon film
   
5. 
   Record
   
6. 
   The lesson
   
7. 
   Demonstration
   
8. 
   Text book, it is the same as hand book or guidance book.
   
9. 
   Oral
   

Based on the description above, it makes the teacher and other instructors to choose the suitable media in order to teach the purpose of teaching and learning.

1. 
   Function of Audiovisual media
   

The function of audio visual media according to Levie and Lents (Arsyad, 2001:17):

1. 
   Attentive function: Interest and build a student concentration to the lesson. By using audio visual in learning process, students’ spirit increasing while they listen the explanation and they become more concentrate on the lesson.
   
2. 
   Affective function: In this affective function the students feel enjoyable in reading picture text.
   
3. 
   Cognitive function: It shows a visual or picture that makes the students easier to understand and remember the information. It means that by using the visual and the audio make the information clear and the students easy to understand it.
   
4. 
   Compensatory function: It helps the lower level students to understand the information by showing another text.
   

From the description above, there are four functions of media such as attentive function, affective function, cognitive function and compensatory function. Those functions can be used to teaching English vocabulary. According to Daryanto (2010:5) there are some functions of media. There are as follows:

1. 
   Make clear the message: It means that by using media the information from teacher is clearer. So the media can help the teacher in transferring knowledge to the students.
   
2. 
   It can save the teacher energy: It means that by using media the teachers just need little energy because there is some media which help the teacher in teaching process. So the teachers only add a little explanation about the lesson.
   
3. 
   It can motivate the students to learn: It means that by see the picture in the media the students more motivated. In other words if the teacher uses media the students more focuses on the picture and they will try to understand what the actor said.
   
4. 
   It can increase the quantity of teaching and learning. It means that by using media in teaching process it makes the quantity of teaching process increases.
   

2. 
   Characteristics of Media
   

According to Gerlach and Ely in (Arsyad,1997:12) there are three characteristics of media are follows :

1. 
   Fixative property
   

This characteristic shows skill of media to record, save take care and construction the event or object. The event or object can be photography, video tape, audio tape, disc computer, and film.

2. 
   Manipulative property
   

Transformation of the event or object makes possible because this media have manipulative characteristics. This object is showed to students for two or three minutes by taking picture technique time-lapse recording.

3. 
   Distributive property
   

Distributive property of media can be object or event that be transformated by space and the way of equivalent from this event is offered to all of students to stimulate their experience has same relative connected that event.
From those explanations above, it can be said that those properties must be included as the characteristics of media.
The characteristics associated with educational media are as follows:

1. 
   It gives information deeply, widely and It establish and convey the messages to the learners.
   
2. 
   By using media it will create variety in teaching.
   
3. 
   It teaches the teachers use this media directly.
   
4. 
   It provides pattern of study to the local communities and invite the community participation.
   
5. 
   It increases the variety of learning opportunities and resources.
   
6. 
   It makes learning process interesting.
   
7. 
   It restructures the material, process and participants’ attitudes.
   
8. 
   It is more effective than the use of traditional technique.
   

It means that the media bring many advantages to be used in teaching English vocabulary.
According to Daryanto (2010:53) the characteristics of multimedia in teaching and learning process are as follows:

1. 
   It has more than one convergent media for example it combines two elements audio media and visual media.
   
2. 
   Interactive. It means that the media are used to be able to communicate among the users.
   
3. 
   The media give easiness to the user. So, the users can use it without guidance from other people.
   

From the description above, it is known that the multimedia has some characteristics which bring some advantages when the teacher uses it in teaching and learning process.