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Methods in Teaching Vocabulary

A method is theoretically related to an approach, organized by the design, and practically realized in procedure. Method is the plan of language teaching which is consistent with the theories. In other words, method is procedural (Setiyadi, 2006:8). Heinich also states that there are the general categories of methods in teaching English vocabulary are as follows (1993:16):

1. 
   Presentation
   

In the presentation method, a source tells, dramatizes, or otherwise discarnate in formation to learners. It is a one-way communication controlled by the source, with no immediate response.

2. 
   Demonstration
   

In this method of instruction, learners view a real or lifelike. Demonstrations may be recorded and played back by means of media such as video

3. 
   Discussion
   

As a method, discussion involves the exchange of ideas and opinions among students or among students and teacher. It can be used in small or large groups.

4. 
   Drill and practice
   

In drill and practice learners are led through a series of practice exercises designed to increase fluency in a new skill or to refresh an existing one. To be effective, the drill and practice exercises should include feed-back to reinforce correct responses and to remediate errors learners might make along the way. e. Tutorial
Tutorial is most often done one on one and is frequently used to teach basic skills, such as reading and arithmetic.

6. 
   Cooperative learning
   

Critics of competitive learning urge instead an emphasis on cooperative learning as an instructional method. They argue that learners need to develop skills in working and learning together because their eventual workplaces will require teamwork.

6. 
   Gaming
   

Gaming provides a playful environment in which learners follow prescribed rules as they strive to attain a challenging goal. Games can be a way for students to be active learners.

6. 
   Stimulation
   

Stimulation involved learners confronting a scaled-down version of a reallife situation. The simulation may involve participant dialog, manipulation of materials and equipment, or interaction with a computer.

6. 
   Discovery
   

The discovery method uses an inductive or inquiry approach learning, it presents problems to be solved through trial and error.

6. 
   Problem solving
   

Lifelike problems can provide the starting point for learning. In the process of grappling with real-world challenges, the students can acquire the knowledge and skills needed in the real world after graduation.
From the statements above there are some methods in teaching vocabulary, such as game, practice and drill; discussion etc. Each methods has a strength and the weakness. So the teacher must choose the suitable method that is similar with the students’ characteristics.