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The Characteristics of the Elementary School Learners

The characteristic of young learners are, junior achievement of Michiana (2010) are as follows:

1. 
   5 years (Kindergarten)
   

At this level, children begin to combine simple ideas into more complex relationships. As a result, they need an environment rich in printed materials that stimulate the development of language and literacy skills. They also need a variety of direct experiences to develop cognitively, physically, emotionally, and socially.

2. 
   6 years ( 1^st grade student)
   

First-graders are active learners and demonstrate considerable verbal skills. They love games and rules, developing concepts and problem-solving skills from these experiences. Hands-on activity and experimentation are important.

3. 
   7 years (2^nd grade students)
   

As seasoned veterans of two years of schooling, second-graders are increasingly able to reason, listen to others, and show social give-and-take. They can display flexibility, open-mindedness, and tolerance of unfamiliar ideas to a remarkable extent.

4. 
   8 years ( 3^rd grade students)
   

Third graders combine great curiosity with increased social interest. They are able to learn about people who live elsewhere in the world, but their understanding of what they read is dependent upon relating ideas to their own experience.

5. 
   9 years ( 4^th grade students)
   

Fourth graders are somewhat self-conscious and prefer group activities to working alone. They also are beginning to understand abstractions as well as cause-and-effect relationships, but need real experiences in social settings. In this level the students still like to play with their friends when the teacher explains the material. They always imagine the abstract things in their lives. They also know the effect of what they do, so they can differentiate the good and bad action.

6. 
   10 years (5^th grade students)
   

Fifth graders may be experiencing bodily changes and rapid growth spurts, which cause periods of frustration and anger. They generally are interested in and enthusiastic about places and problems in the news and want to know what caused these problems, where they occurred, and the reasons for them.

7. 
   11 years (6^th grade students)
   

Sixth graders are in a period of transition between childhood and adolescence. As the result, they tend to be sociable and need opportunities to express feelings and opinions. They do not have the ability to view issues from the perspective of a whole society, but need to encounter analytical questions about their economic society and history.
In the explanation above, the characteristics of elementary school learners from the fifth years until the eleven years is not the same. So the teacher must understand it well in order to conduct teaching and learning process successfully.